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Processes

Processes. Part 1. Processes. Historical processes which have left their mark on the languages Complete Incomplete. Processes. Historical processes which have left their mark on the languages Complete Consonant Singling: ladder latter written running follow

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Processes

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  1. Processes Part 1

  2. Processes Historical processes which have left their mark on the languages • Complete • Incomplete

  3. Processes Historical processes which have left their mark on the languages • Complete • Consonant Singling: ladder latter written running follow • Initial kn and gn: know, knee, gnat

  4. Processes Historical processes which have left their mark on the languages • Complete • Incomplete • FOOT-STRUT Split: butch, put, much, stuff, love, country cushion, discussion • BATH-TRAP Split: bath, math pass, mass “Incomplete” but FINISHED!

  5. WellsChapter 3 Middle English 1400 Wells 3.1 Residualisms "The Great Divide" 1600 Wells 3.2 British prestige innovations Wells 3.3 Some American innvoations Wells 3.4 Later British innvoations

  6. Wells 1.3. Residualisms • residue: remains, leavings, leyfar, eftirstöðvar • processes which are completed in most dialects, but have not have occurred in all

  7. Wells: Residualisms • Great Vowel Shift • NG Coalescence • Velar Fricative • Long Mid Mergers • Fleece Merger

  8. 3.1.1.Great Vowel Shift

  9. house tide sweet moon clean stone name

  10. hús tíd swét móna ´ clæn stán nama

  11. tide house sweet moon clean stone name

  12. moon sweet tide house clean stone name

  13. Effects of GVS • Spelling: relation of “long” and “short” vowels bit – bite, rat – rate, pen – green, rod – rode, cut - cute • Some words waver: privacy, patriot, lever • Morphology: divine, divinity, serene, serenity profane, profanity, nation national • Trisyllabic Shortening: stressed long vowel→ short /_CVCV • Various other relationships such as • bite-bitten, divide-division, keep-kept • Dialectally: difference between GVS North and South

  14. Great Vowel Shift:South

  15. Great Vowel Shift:North

  16. also called “G Deletion” Orangutan? • Not in Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool • Hypercorrections: loss in finger, longer • Generalised NG coalescence in parts of Scotland and Ulster • Variably generalised in certain words elsewhere: English, language etc

  17. right eight brought daughter through < riht eahta broht dohtor þurh • borough Edinburh, cough rough laugh • Sometimes causes lengthening • Some retension in Traditional-dialect; but the local accent with the standard form usually exists.

  18. http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/87/VARS/LongMidMergers.html

  19. tide sweet clean name

  20. sweet clean tide name

  21. Click for Processes Part 2

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