HIV & AIDS Update: Your Sexual Health Disease Transmission Prevention Testing

1. HIV & AIDS Update:Your Sexual HealthDisease TransmissionPreventionTesting Presenter: Judy Thorne, MPA HIV Education Coordinator Master of Public Health Program Idaho State University/Meridian

2. Information is vital • As teenagers, you will be facing many new decisions in your life • Understanding what can put you at risk for disease is very important • None of this is meant to scare you – remember, knowledge is very empowering • You can also be an informed educator to others

3. Who can tell me what the letters HIV and AIDS each stand for?

4. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome OK, now what does each of these mean?

5. HIV can harm you because it attacks your body’s immune system

6. True or False • A low immune system can allow opportunistic infections to invade your body This is called AIDS

7. True AIDS is a stage of disease where your immune (T, CD4, helper) cells drop below the level of 200 cells per mm blood (a healthy person has about 800) and your body cannot fight off simple infections Medications today can help people with both HIV and AIDS live much longer than they used to

8. Origins of HIV • Likely resulted from hybridization (merging) of two simian (monkey) viruses • HIV moved to humans in Africa around 1930 or earlier

9. HIV-2 SIV-2 HIV-1 SIV-1 HIV and SIV Sooty Mangabeys Chimpanzees

10. Australia & New Zealand 15,000 Adults and Children Living with HIV/AIDS Eastern Europe 1 million Western Europe 550,000 N. America 1.2 million Asia & Pacific 6.6 million North Africa 500,000 Caribbean 420,000 Sub-Saharan Africa 28.5 million Latin America 1.5 million Total: 40+ million Data from UNAIDS

11. U.S. cases • OVER 56,000 new infections every year in the U.S. • Most infections are found in people ages 13-29 years

12. HIV in Idaho – Prevalence(*estimate additional 20-25% undiagnosed) HIV AIDS • District 1 62 75 • District 2 33 38 • District 3 68 81 • District 4 265 223 • District 5 54 61 • District 6 69 51 • District 7 45 40 * Total 596 569 1165 (As of June 30, 2009)

13. True or False Most cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in older people ages 40-49 years

14. FALSE • 41% of the cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in ages 20-29 years and • 15% of AIDS cases are in this age group

15. What is HIV

16. Life Cycle of HIV-1

18. Ways to transmit HIV • Unprotected sexual activity Internet chat-rooms have become a place where people are meeting and this is leading to HIV transmissions • Needle sharing and other “works” • Needle sticks or exposure to blood • Mother-child • Blood transfusions

19. OK, Now that you know how you can get HIV, how do you think you could prevent it?

20. Abstinence(not engaging in sex) • Don’t assume everyone has the same definition of abstinence – your partner’s past behaviors could put you at risk. Some couples get tested together. • Surf the internet only with your parent’s OK - use good judgment and don’t put yourself at risk! • Someday, if/when you choose to engage in sex, useprotection (condoms: both male and female) • Avoid drugs and alcohol • When the time comes in your life, get tested before you have a baby

21. True or False If you knew someone who was HIV+, you could get HIV from coming into contact with their sweat, urine or tears

22. False The only bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are: • Blood • Semen • Vaginal fluid • Breast milk Other bodily fluids only if there was blood present/visible Don’t be afraid to kiss, hug, or share food with someone who has HIV

24. HIV and AIDSLesson 2 • Disease symptoms • Window period of the virus • Rapid testing

25. Question for candy… Who can be affected by HIV?

26. Answer… • Anyone! If they engage in unprotected sex or share drug use equipment • Any age, any gender, anyone • People close to them are also affected by this disease

32. Early HIV Infection • Symptoms present days to weeks after initial exposure • Most common presentation is • Fever, fatigue, headache, and rash

33. HIV Window Period • What is it? • This is the time it takes for the virus to actually show up in your body after exposure • This can take up to 3 months

34. Who can tell me why this would even be important to know?

35. It’s important because: • The sooner someone knows that they have HIV, the sooner they can receive proper medical care • It is less likely that the virus will be transmitted to others if it is known

36. How can someone get tested for HIV? • Idaho law allows 14 years and older to obtain STD tests without parental permission (not saying you should do this, just providing you with information – very important to have a support system) • Conventional blood tests (results in 10 days – 2 weeks) • HIV antibody rapid tests (results in 12-20 minutes) let’s check out how this works…

37. Importance of HIV Diagnosis • Early Intervention services • Improved quality of life • Avoid complications • Healthcare maintenance • Prevent transmission Chronic infection Transmission to others

38. HIV Services • HIV Services Clinic, Boise • Sky Blue, MD Director • Established 1998 • Ryan White Grantee • Counseling and confidential testing • Comprehensive medical care • Case management • Adherence counseling • Mental health • Support groups • Clinical trials

39. Summary:How does HIV spread? • Through unprotected sex and injection drug use • Bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk Be informed and educate others!