Drugs and its Effect on One ’ s Behavior

1. Drugs and its Effect on One’s Behavior 9th grade health

2. Neurons • Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals which transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across the synapse. • Major neurotransmitters: • glutamate, aspartame • Monoamines: dopamine (DA), epinephrine (adrenaline), serotonin, acetylcholine, adenosine, nitric oxide.

3. What are drugs? • Drugs are substances that are used to treat or prevent diseases. They are also used to relieve pains, to help control mental or physical ailments, and even to help diagnose illnesses.

4. Drug Vocab • Tolerance • Body becomes accustomed to drug and causes the user to experience a need for more and more drug to achieve the desired effect or high. • Psychological Dependence • A condition that occurs overtime and causes user to believe that drug is needed in order to feel good or function normally.

5. Classification of Drugs • Prescription • Marijuana and THC • Inhalants • Steroids • Psychoactive • “Club Drugs”/ “concert Drugs” • Stimulants • Depressants

6. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:COCAINE SHORT TERM EFFECTS: • Increased blood pressure • Constricted blood vessels • Dilated pupils • Mental alertness • Increased energy • Increased heart rate • Decreased appetite • Increased temperature

7. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:COCAINE LONG TERM EFFECTS (Physiological): • heart disease • heart attacks • respiratory failure • stroke • seizures • gastrointestinal problems • PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS: convulsions, nausea, blurred vision, chest pain, fever, muscle spasms, and coma.

8. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:COCAINE LONG TERM EFFECTS (Psychological): • Addiction • Paranoia • Irritability • Restlessness • Auditory hallucinations • Mood disturbances

9. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:ECSTACY SHORT TERM EFFECTS: • Confusion  • Sleep problems • Anxiety • Teeth clenching • Addiction • Paranoia • Nausea • Chills and sweating • Panic, depression,and paranoia. • Sleep problems • Reduced appetite

10. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:ECSTACY LONG TERM EFFECTS: • Dehydration • Hypertension • Hyperthermia • Heart failure • Kidney failure

11. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:MARIJUANA SHORT TERM EFFECTS: • Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time, touch) • Problems with memory and learning • Loss of coordination • Trouble with thinking and problem-solving • Increased heart rate • reduced blood pressure

12. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:MARIJUANA LONG TERM EFFECTS: • Hallucinations • Delusions • Impaired memory • Disorientation • Daily cough and phlegm production • More frequent acute chest illnesses • Increased risk of lung infections • Obstructed airways

13. Marijuana • Delta-9 TetraHydroCannabinol (THC ) -extracted from the Cannabis Sativa plant

14. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:HEROIN LONG TERM EFFECTS: • Slurred speech • Slow gait • Constricted pupils • Droopy eyelids • Impaired night vision • Respiratory depression or failure • Dry itching skin • Skin infections • Increased risk of exposure to HIV, hepatitis, and other infectiousdiseases if injected.

15. Effects of ALCOHOL: In LOW DOSES, alcohol produces: • a relaxing effect • reduces tension • lowers inhibitions • impairs concentration • slows reflexes • impairs reaction time • reduces coordination

16. Effects of ALCOHOL: In MEDIUM DOSES, alcohol produces: • slur speech • cause drowsiness • alter emotions In HIGH DOSES, alcohol produces: • vomiting • breathing difficulties • unconsciousness • coma

17. Effects of ALCOHOL:

18. Effects of NICOTINE: • Tobacco contains nicotine. Nicotine is a drug. Therefore, when people smoke or chew tobacco, they are using a drug. Smoking can be stimulating or relaxing - it depends on a person's mood and dosage of nicotine. The rapid effects of nicotine include: • Increases in blood pressure and heart rate • Faster respiration • Constriction of arteries • Stimulation of the central nervous system.

19. Effects of NICOTINE: Long Term Effects: • increases the chances of cancer and results in addiction and dependence. It is clear though, that nicotine is one of the most addicting substances known...just ask anyone who has tried to quit smoking. Common withdrawal symptoms in people who are trying to "kick the habit" of tobacco include: • Anxiety • Depression • Headaches • Fatigue

20. Effects of NICOTINE: UNHEALTHY LUNGS HEALTHY LUNGS

21. Effects of CAFFEINE: Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. In moderate doses, caffeine can: • increase alertness • reduce fine motor coordination • cause insomnia • cause headaches, nervousness and dizziness

22. Effects of CAFFEINE: • Some studies show that caffeine causes physical dependence. One way to tell if someone "needs" that cup of coffee or bottle of Coke is to take it away from them and then see if they have any withdrawal symptoms. Typical withdrawal symptoms associated with caffeine are headache, fatigue and muscle pain. These symptoms can occur within 24 hours after the last dose of caffeine. One study has stated that the minimum consumption of caffeine for physical dependence is 4 cups of coffee per day. Other studies say that a few more cups of coffee are needed to develop dependence.

23. Ingredients of Drugs: Methamphetamine • Matches • hydrochloric acid • Iodine • Drano • Brake fluid • Ephedrine • Butane • Sodium hydroxide • Ether • Anyhdrous ammonia

24. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:SHABU SHORT TERM EFFECTS: • Heightened attention and energy • Excessive talking • Euphoria • Decreased fatigue • Increased activity • Increased sexuality • Decreased appetite • Increased respiration • Hyperthermia, occasionally leading to convulsions and lethal levels.

25. Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:SHABU LONG TERM EFFECTS: • Dependence • Anxiety • Confusion • insomnia  • Addiction • psychosis • Paranoia • Hallucinations (visual and auditory) • Mood disturbances  • Repetitive motor activity • Stroke • Weight loss • Violent behavior (homicidal or suicidal thoughts) • Disturbed sleep patterns • decreased sleep needs • Disinterest in usual social interactions, sex and food • Inflammation of the heart lining

26. Inhalants • Volatile Solvents -paint thinner, dry-cleaning fluids, degreasers, gasoline, glue, correction fluid, and felt-tip marker fluid. • Aerosol -spray paint, deodorant, hair spray, vegetable oil spray for cooking, and fabric protector spray. • Gases - ether, chloroform, halothane, and nitrous oxide, commonly called "laughing gas.“ • Nitrites - cyclohexyl nitrite, isoamyl (amyl) nitrite, and isobutyl (butyl) nitrite.

27. Cocaine • Coca leaf -cocaine hydrochloride • Cement • Ammonia • Calcium oxide • Sulphuric acid • Petrol

28. Other chemicals that are mixed together to process the coca leaves: - Succindialdehyde, sulfuric acid, sodium nitrite, Ba carbonate, lots of ethanol, distilled pyrrole, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, anhydrous sodium carbonate, sodium methoxide, dimethylcarbonate, ammonium chloride, chloroform, potassium carbonate, methyl acetate, NaOH solution, HCl acid, benzoic anhydride.

29. Heroin • Opium Poppy Papaver somniferum -morphine • Substances that are cut with Heroin: Acetaminophen (Analgesic)Aminopyrine (Anti-inflammatory)Amitryptaline (Anti-depressant)Antipyrine (Body water measurement)

30. Benzoczine (Anesthetic)Caffeine (Stimulant)Cocaine (Stimulant)d-metamphetamine (Stimulant)Diphenhydramine (Anti-histamine) Ephedrine (Stimulant)Lidocaine (Anesthetic)Hydroxyzine (Anxiety medication) Methylparben (Chemical preservative)Methocarbamol (Muscle relaxant)Nabumetone (Arthritis treatment)Nicotinamide (Coenzyme)Phenylbutazone (Anti-inflammant)Phenylpropanlamine (Dexatrim / caffeine)Potassiumchloride (Potassium supplementRocaine (Local anesthetic)

31. Other non-addictive ingredients of Heroin: -lactose, milk sugar, sucrose, cellulose, mannitol and other inert ingredients

32. MDMA(Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) • amphetamine (speed) • LSD (acid) • Caffeine • Ephedrine • Ketamine • Atropine • 4-MTA (4-methylthioamphetamine) • DXM (Dextromethorphan)

33. Neurons • Drugs targeting the neurotransmitter of such systems affect the whole system; this fact explains the complexity of action of some drugs.

34. How we get addicted to drugs: • The master brain chemical of addiction • Dopamine -transmits all of the pleasure signals • Drugs modify activity of various brain chemicals that cross pathways in the brain; dopamine could be the end result of all the pathways • Dopamine overload (esp. feelings of euphoria and bliss)

35. Craving behavior response can motivate substance abuse • When drug addict attempts to stop using the drugs will demand more of the drug to produce metabolites • Drug addict is caught in a trap • Appears inescapable unless an effective drug addiction treatment handles the condition.

36. Neurotransmitters • Acetylcholine It is responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles, including the muscles of the gastro-intestinal system.  It is also found in sensory neurons and in the autonomic nervous system, and has a part in scheduling REM (dream) sleep. • Dopamine Dopamine has been found to have relatively little to do with the pleasures of eating.Drugs like cocaine, opium, heroin, and alcohol increase the levels of dopamine, as does nicotine.  • Endorphin It is involved in pain reduction and pleasure, and the opioid drugs work by attaching to endorphin's receptor sites.  It is also the neurotransmitter that allows bears and other animals to hibernate.

37. Serotonin Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that has been found to be intimately involved in emotion and mood.  Too little serotonin has been shown to lead to depression, problems with anger control, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and suicide.  Too little also leads to an increased appetite for carbohydrates (starchy foods) and trouble sleeping, which are also associated with depression and other emotional disorders.Serotonin also plays a role in perception.

38. Drugs

40. Drug use:

42. Effects of drug use:

43. Smoking

44. Alcohol

45. F amily • Be involved and open with your family! • Though adolescence stage can be a shaky stage between teens and their parents, it's very important to maintain your communication and connection with them.

46. Family involvement can help you handle temptations to use alcohol, cigarettes and drugs that you might encounter. • How’s your relationship with your family?

47. F riends • Now, think of your friends. • Think of the activities that you do together. • Are these activities beneficial to you or not? • What kind of friends do you have?

48. Teens would most likely try using drugs when they're around other teens who take drugs. • Peer pressure; but with the right kind of friends, it's most likely that you will not encounter such. • Our friends can have the greatest influence in our choices, the way we think and in our activities. • Choose your friends!

49. P assion • Be active. Know your passions and do them! • Find alternatives. Some teens use drugs because of boredom and it's something to do. • Think of your talents, skills and abilities. • Are they being used and developed? • What can you do to improve on your abilities?

50. Get involved in other activities. -Join co-curricular organizations. -Varsity teams, extra-curricular organizations (dance, singing and theater organizations) • Involvement in these organizations will not only keep you busy but will also help you develop your personality, talents and skills. • Find your passion and do it!