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Chapter 6 - 4 Intermolecular Forces or IMF (p. 219 – 224)

Chapter 6 - 4 Intermolecular Forces or IMF (p. 219 – 224). Intermolecular Forces or IMF. Attractive forces between molecules. Much weaker than chemical bonds within molecules. a.k.a. van der Waals forces. Intermolecular Forces.

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Chapter 6 - 4 Intermolecular Forces or IMF (p. 219 – 224)

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  1. Chapter 6 - 4Intermolecular Forces or IMF(p. 219 – 224)

  2. Intermolecular Forces or IMF • Attractive forces between molecules. • Much weaker than chemical bonds within molecules. • a.k.a. van der Waals forces

  3. Intermolecular Forces • If there are no attractive forces between molecules, the substance will exist as a gas because an attractive force is required to hold molecules together as liquids and solids.

  4. Types of Intermolecular Forces • London Force (Dispersion forces) • forms when any atom or molecule becomes a dipole at an instant when its electrons are unequally distributed around the nucleus or nuclei. • more electrons, stronger London force

  5. Types of IMF • London Dispersion Forces View animation online.

  6. d+d- d+d- H F H F Types of Intermolecular Forces 2. Dipole Force • forms when the positive end of one polar molecule attracts the negative end of another polar molecule. • slightly stronger than London forces.

  7. + - Types of IMF • Dipole-Dipole Forces View animation online.

  8. d+d- d+d- d+d- d+d- d+d- d+d- d+d- Dipole Interactions d+d-

  9. Types of Intermolecular Forces 3. Hydrogen bond • forms when a hydrogen atom bonded to a small strongly electronegative atom such as F, O, and N is attracted to another electron-rich atom • the hydrogen is left very electron deficient • the strongest of the intermolecular forces.

  10. Types of IMF • Hydrogen Bonding

  11. d- d+ O d+ H d+ d- H H O H d+ Hydrogen Bonding

  12. H O O H H O H H H H O H H H H O O O H H H Hydrogen bonding

  13. Types of IMF

  14. Determining IMF • CH4 • nonpolar = London • NCl3 • polar = London, dipole-dipole • HF • H-F bond = London, hydrogen bonding

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