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Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics

Chemistry: The Central Science , 10th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten. Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics. Todd Austell, The University of North Carolina  2006, Pearson Prentice Hall. Yes. Nonspontaneous processes can never occur.

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Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics

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  1. Chemistry: The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics Todd Austell, The University of North Carolina  2006, Pearson Prentice Hall

  2. Yes. Nonspontaneous processes can never occur. • No. Nonspontaneous processes can occur with some external assistance.

  3. Yes. Nonspontaneous processes can never occur. • No. Nonspontaneous processes can occur with some external assistance.

  4. Yes • No

  5. Yes • No

  6. The value of S actually does not change with q, just the magnitude of Sinitial and Sfinal. • S depends not merely on q but on qrev. There is only one reversible isothermal path between two states regardless of the number of possible paths. • S’s dependence on q is negligible. • q depends on H which is a state function.

  7. The value of S actually does not change with q, just the magnitude of Sinitial and Sfinal. • S depends not merely on q but on qrev. There is only one reversible isothermal path between two states regardless of the number of possible paths. • S’s dependence on q is negligible. • q depends on H which is a state function.

  8. The enthalpy of the system must increase by a greater amount than the entropy of the system decreases. • The entropy of the universe for the process must increase by the same amount as the entropy of the system decreases. • The entropy of the universe for the process must increase by a greater amount than the entropy of the system decreases. • The entropy of the universe for the process must decrease by a greater amount than the entropy of the system decreases.

  9. The enthalpy of the system must increase by a greater amount than the entropy of the system decreases. • The entropy of the universe for the process must increase by the same amount as the entropy of the system decreases. • The entropy of the universe for the process must increase by a greater amount than the entropy of the system decreases. • The entropy of the universe for the process must decrease by a greater amount than the entropy of the system decreases.

  10. Molecules and single atoms can experience all the same types of motion. • A molecule can vibrate (atoms moving relative to one another) and rotate (tumble); a single atom can do neither • A molecule can vibrate (atoms moving relative to one another) and rotate (tumble); a single atom can only rotate. • A molecule can translationally move and rotate (tumble); a single atom can do neither.

  11. Molecules and single atoms can experience all the same types of motion. • A molecule can vibrate (atoms moving relative to one another) and rotate (tumble); a single atom can do neither • A molecule can vibrate (atoms moving relative to one another) and rotate (tumble); a single atom can only rotate. • A molecule can translationally move and rotate (tumble); a single atom can do neither.

  12. S = 0 • S < H • S = W • S > H

  13. S = 0 • S < H • S = W • S > H

  14. It is a substance at the triple point. • It is pure liquid at 0°K (absolute zero). • It is an elemental standard state. • It must be a perfect crystal at 0°K (absolute zero).

  15. It is a substance at the triple point. • It is pure liquid at 0°K (absolute zero). • It is an elemental standard state. • It must be a perfect crystal at 0°K (absolute zero).

  16. always increase • always decrease • sometimes increase and sometimes decrease, depending on the process

  17. always increase • always decrease • sometimes increase and sometimes decrease, depending on the process

  18. Entropy of universe increases and free energy of the system decreases. • Entropy of system decreases and free energy of the universe increases. • Entropy of system increases and free energy of the universe decreases. • Entropy of universe decreases and free energy of the system increases.

  19. Entropy of universe increases and free energy of the system decreases. • Entropy of system decreases and free energy of the universe increases. • Entropy of system increases and free energy of the universe decreases. • Entropy of universe decreases and free energy of the system increases.

  20. It indicates the process is spontaneous under standard conditions. • It indicates the process has taken place under standard conditions. • It indicates the process has taken place at 273K and 1 barr. • It indicates the process has taken place at 1 atm and 0K.

  21. It indicates the process is spontaneous under standard conditions. • It indicates the process has taken place under standard conditions. • It indicates the process has taken place at 273K and 1 barr. • It indicates the process has taken place at 1 atm and 0K.

  22. H = TS • H < TS • H > TS • We cannot determine without additional information.

  23. H = TS • H < TS • H > TS • We cannot determine without additional information.

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