“Open Access – the Advantages for a University of a Successful OA Mandate – Some Evidence”

1. “Open Access – the Advantages for a University of a Successful OA Mandate – Some Evidence” Open Archives and the Communication of Science Sweden - November 2010 Professor Tom Cochrane Deputy Vice-Chancellor, (Technology, Information and Learning Support) Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane, Australia Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial2.1 licence (Australia)

4. QUT has ... 7 x Faculties 4 x Research institutes Heath and Biomedical Innovation Creative Industries and Innovation Sustainable Resources Information Security • Built Environment and Engineering • Business • Creative Industries • Education • Health • Law • Science and Technology

5. Open Access - a Definition “Open access is, simply, the idea that research articles should be freely, immediately and permanently available online to anyone, rather than locked away in subscription journals as many currently are.” Zoe Corbyn, THES, 12 November 2009.

6. Cost complications in Australia – a long history • Costs of scholarly communication already high • Further compounded by need to import • Currencies at points of origin generally stronger than Australian Dollar

7. Open Access - Origin and Inevitability of the Concept • Researcher Motivation – the ceaseless quest for recognition and/or impact • Economic Imperative - the input/output distortions of the scholarly publishing business (the issue of moral hazard) • The Technology Enablers – the net + application

8. Open Access – Journey at QUT • Watching the debates since the 90s • Exploring the need to act and aligning policy with researcher motivation • Committee Process, [2003] (University Research Committee  University Academic Board)

9. Institutional repository policy at QUT http://www.mopp.qut.edu.au/F/F_01_03.jsp

10. Institutional Repository Policy at QUT-1 1.3.2 Policy Material which represents the total publicly available research and scholarly output of the University is to be located in the University's digital or " E print " repository, subject to the exclusions noted. In this way it contributes to a growing international corpus of refereed and other research literature available on open access, a process occurring in universities worldwide.

11. Institutional Repository Policy at QUT-2 1.3.2 Policy The following materials must be included in QUT ePrints: • Refereed research articles and conference papers (author’s accepted manuscript) at the post-peer review stage.

12. Institutional Repository Policy at QUT-2 The following materials may be included in QUT ePrints: • Refereed research articles and conference papers (submitted manuscript) with corrigenda added following peer review if necessary • Un-refereed research literature & conference contributions, (the accepted draft) • Books and book chapters • Theses • Creative works with a research component • Descriptions of research data and datasets

13. Institutional Repository Policy at QUT-3 • Materials to be commercialised, or which contain confidential material, or where the promulgation would infringe a legal commitment by the University and/or the author, will not be included in QUT ePrints. • QUT’s preference is to make materials available at the time of publication. Requests for embargos of more than twelve months must be referred to the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Technology, Information and Learning Support).

14. QUT’s Institutional Repository - QUT ePrints • Established in 2003 http://eprints.qut.edu.au • Focus is currently on providing open access to the ‘postprint’ versions of QUT’s peer-reviewed scholarly publications

15. Motivating Researchers to Self-archive to the IR • Cumulative download statistics provide data on the total number of ‘additional’ readers their works have reached; • More readers = more potential citations. Download statistics

16. Motivating Researchers to Self-archive to the IR • Download data is also provided for each paper.

17. Motivating Researchers to Self-archive to the IR Repository records are highly ranked by Google This paper was first in a result set of 577,000

18. From QUT - 6 years on….. Repository Growth 2004-2010 QUT ePrints 25,725 records (Sept 2010) 12, 629 open access full-text documents Plus 1,657 mediated access / embargoed full-text documents More than 2000 registered depositors ePrints 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

19. Global Developments .... • The rise of funder mandates • The rise of institution mandates • MIT • Harvard • Imperial College • Other universities in Australia • Many more

20. Citation Impact for a Mature Researcher (QUT) • Prof. Ray Frost (chemistry) began uploading the accepted manuscript versions of his published articles to QUT ePrintsin 2004; • The open access copies have been downloaded a total of 202,754 times; • His annual citation rate (as measured by Scopus) increased from 265 citations in 2004 to 1760 citations in 2008. (publication rate remained stable) Publication rate Citation rate

21. Citation impact for an early career researcher (QUT) • Wayde Martens (chemistry) has 113 open access publications in QUT ePrints, which have been downloaded a total of 54,270 times; • His annual citation rate (as measured by Scopus) increased from 169 citations in 2006 to 600 citations in 2008. Citation rate

22. Citation impact in a different discipline • Martin Skitmore (construction economics/surveying) has 183 open access publications in QUT ePrints, which have been downloaded a total of 202,276 times; • His annual citation rate (as measured by Scopus) increased from 38 citations in 2004 to 100 citations in 2007.

23. Citation impact in a different discipline • Luis Ferreira (transport planning) has 125 open access publications in QUT ePrints, which have been downloaded a total of 202,276 times; • His annual citation rate (as measured by Scopus) increased from 38 citations in 2004 to 100 citations in 2007.

24. Comparison Citation Data • This QUT researcher (epidemiology and sexual health) has repository records for 48 of his 106 publications listed in Scopus - but only 11 have open access copies attached. • The citation pattern for 2004 to 2008 is quite different.

25. More Evidence http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.0361 • These researchers compare the citation rates of open access articles v non-open access articles (in the same journals) using data from QUT, CERN, Southampton and Minho . • Concluded that, where subscription barriers exist, the size of the OA advantages increases with the citeability (quality) of the article. In Press PLoS ONE

26. Increased Visibility “There is no doubt in my mind the ePrints will have improved things – especially in developing countries such as Malaysia .... many more access my papers who wouldn’t have thought of contacting me personally in the ‘old’ days. While this may ..... increase .... citations the most important thing ... is that at least these people can find out more about what other people have done ....” Professor Martin Skitmore, School of Urban Design

27. Connecting to Students “I’m not sure that I could say ePrints has increased my citations, but one thing that it has done is make students aware of what I’m doing outside the classroom. This is important because both undergrad and postgrad students often don’t understand what we do beside teach them. I had one student who was working at a senior level in Australia Post, and was reviewing proposals for the business to expand ... he had obviously looked at my research via ePrints .... seen that I had examined New Zealand Post’s expansion over the past ten years, and asked for a copy of my work ..... This is only a small incident, but I can’t help wondering how many other students take a few minutes to look at what we do outside the classroom ....” Dr Belinda Luke, Senior Lecturer, Accountancy

28. Engaging with Industry “Just last week, the General Manager of Sustainable Development from an Australian rural industry called me – based on reading one of my research papers .... in ePrints. He loved what he read – which he thought was the most clear approach he’d seen on quantifying social impact – and we are now in discussion about how we can help them measure their industry’s social impacts.” Dr Evonne Miller, Senior Lecturer, Design

29. Gaining Research Students • The Faculty of Education has found that ePrints has formed an important bridge to facilitate engagement of potential postgraduate students with the Faculty. • Both the Research Pathways Coordinator for Undergraduate Courses (Dr Beryl Exley), and the Assistant Dean Research, report with certainty the growth in HDR numbers through the greater visibility of the faculty’s refereed research.

30. The Broader Role – Research Impact • Greater visibility • Direct impact on metrics that matter • New readerships in the developing world and other areas, e.g. rural • Attracting HDR students

31. Response of the Faculties and others in the University • Developing their own rewards systems for depositing • Considering mandates in other areas of research policy, e.g. data • Using ePrints to link to important research profile information about staff

32. Other impacts • Organisational Renewal within the University • Library eResearch partnership with ITS • Data management roles • Library and Information Management roles • University Wide Inquiry management All of these have developed in the last 3 years.

33. Questions? ?