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Design and Analysis of Micro-Solar Power Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks

Design and Analysis of Micro-Solar Power Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks. Jaein Jeong UC Berkeley, Computer Science with Xiaofan Jiang and David Culler. LGE Talk. 11-17-2006. 557 Trio node deployments in Richmond Field Station. Heliomote. Trio. Solar Energy Harvesting for WSN.

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Design and Analysis of Micro-Solar Power Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks

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  1. Design and Analysis of Micro-Solar Power Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks Jaein JeongUC Berkeley, Computer Sciencewith Xiaofan Jiang and David Culler LGE Talk 11-17-2006

  2. 557 Trio node deploymentsin Richmond Field Station Heliomote Trio Solar Energy Harvesting for WSN • Energy harvesting is need for large-scale long-term deployment. • Several designs made for different requirements, but little analysis is done for an ultimate design.

  3. Our Contributions • Model for micro-solar power system. • Empirical and mathematical analysis on two leading designs (Heliomote and Trio). • Propose a design guideline for micro-solar power systems.

  4. Organization • System Architecture • Model for Each Component • Load: Sensor Node • External Environment • Solar Collector • Energy Storage • Comparative Study • Solar-Collector Operation • Energy flow and Energy efficiency • Conclusion

  5. System Architecture • Evaluation Metrics • Effsolar = Pon / PmaxP • Effsystem = (EL1+ … + ELn + Econs) / Esol

  6. Load (Sensor Node):Estimating Node Consumption • Energy consumption with radio comm: • Iest = R*Iawake + (1-R) * Isleep

  7. External Environment:Estimating Solar Radiation • Statistical Model • Mathematical Model

  8. Solar Collector:Solar-cell Characteristics • Solar-cell I-V curve • Regulator

  9. Energy Stroage • Requirements: • Lifetime, Capacity, Current draw, Size/Weight • Types of storage: • NiMH: capacity and cost • Li+: energy density and capacity • Supercap: lifetime • Storage configuration: • Combination of battery and supercap provides good lifetime as well as capacity. • Charging mechanisms: • HW vs. SW, Complexity vs. Efficiency

  10. Comparative Study:Solar-Collector Operation • Compare Pon with PmaxP • solar-cell operating point • maximum possible value • Trio • Pon – PmaxP = 4.83mW (5.3%) • Heliomote • Pon – PmaxP = -16.75mW (-23.2%)

  11. Solar-Collector Operation: Trio

  12. Solar-Collector Operation: Heliomote

  13. Comparative Study:Energy flow and efficiency • Compare mote consumption (Econs) and stored energy (Ebat and Ecap) with solar energy income (Esol). • Trio: up to 33.4%, Heliomote: up to 14.6%

  14. Energy flow and efficiency (Heliomote)- Energy loss due to regulator • Solar energy income: 08:00 to 17:00. • Clipped after 12:00. • Two-third loss in daily energy income.

  15. Insights from analysis • Sensor node: • Dynamic duty-cycling for year-round operation. • Photo resistor or Coulomb meter for estimating season. • Environment: • Setting inclination is needed for higher solar radiation. • Solar collector: • Operating point for usable output is narrow. • Buffering solar-cell with supercap with correct charging and regulator parameters provides close match to maximum output power. • Energy storage: • Lifetime is primary objective. • Multi-level storage improves lifetime.

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