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Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder. By: Nicole Valdes. What is “Bipolar Disorder”?. Also known as Manic Depressive Illness Brain disorder that causes extreme shifts in mood The symptoms are very severe Most cases show signs late teens or early adult years. Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder. Mania vs. Depression

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Bipolar Disorder

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  1. Bipolar Disorder By: Nicole Valdes

  2. What is “Bipolar Disorder”? • Also known as Manic Depressive Illness • Brain disorder that causes extreme shifts in mood • The symptoms are very severe • Most cases show signs late teens or early adult years

  3. Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder • Mania vs. Depression • Intense emotional states that occur in mood periods, mania or depression • Sometimes both mania and depression occur at the same time, called “mixed state” • Can affect persons ability to function at home, school or work • Changes in energy, activity and sleep are also syptoms

  4. Mania or Manic Episode • Mood is overly happy and joyful, like a “high” • Can be irritable and agitated • Behavior is overly excited, jumpy, talking very fast • Easily distracted • Feeling of motivation and taking on new goals • Taking part in risky behaviors and being impulsive • Sleeping little • Overconfident

  5. Depression or Depressive Episode • Loss of interest in activities • Feeling tired and slow • Difficulty concentrating • Being restless • Severe suicidal attempts • Changing sleeping or eating habits

  6. Range of Moods in Bipolar Disorder

  7. Levels of Bipolar Diagnoses • Bipolar I- mixed or manic episodes lasting 7 days, systems very severe, depression episode lasts up to 2 weeks • Bipolar II- depressive episodes, shifting back with manic episodes, but not-full blown manic episode • Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (BP-NOS)- Do not fit with Bipolar I or II symptoms, but they are out of the normal behavior of patients • Cyclothymic Disorder or Cyclothymia- mild form of bipolar disorder, have symptoms of hypomania and shift with depression

  8. Causes of Bipolar Disorders • Bipolar disorders tend to be genetic and tends to run in families • Brain structure have been found to be different in bipolar and normal subjects using fMRI and PET scans

  9. fMRI Study of Brain Changes of Bipolar Patients • 11 bipolar patients and 17 non-bipolar patients were used in this study • Shown images and asked to identified images to see which parts of the brain were activated • Found that the attenuation of the orbitoprefrontal may be a marker of bipolar disorder. It is a part of the brain also associated with mania. • Http://health.discovery.com/videos/fires-of-the-mind-bipolar-causes.html

  10. Results of fMRI

  11. First signs of Bipolar disorder Historically • First documented in Turkey, in 2nd Century • In 1650, Richard Burton, father of depression as illness, wrote the Anatomy of Melancholia • Jules Falret is credited with coming up with the term Manic-Depressive Psychosis in 1875 • Francois Baillarger made major distinction between bipolar and schizophrenia

  12. History Cont’d • In 1913, Emil Krapelin established term manic-depressive • 1952 article published suggesting that bipolar disorder had a genetic link • 1960’s many with the disorder were institutionalized, gov’t didn’t recognize it as legitimate illness • 1980 bipolar disorder replaced manic-depressive in DSM-III

  13. Illnesses that may occur in addition to Bipolar Disorder • Substance Abuse • PTSD • ADHD • Thyroid disease • Migraines • Heart disease • Diabetes • Obesity

  14. Other Illnesses Similar to Bipolar Disorder • Neuroticism and (negative) Agreeableness were strongly associated with the symptoms of bipolar disorder, conceptualized as a single dimension. • Neuroticism was strongly associated with the symptoms of depression, whereas Extraversion and (negative) Agreeableness were associated with the symptoms of mania, in a two-dimensional conceptualization • In stark contrast to Murray and colleagues, however, the reciprocal relationships between depression and mania were opposite in sign, such that depression positively predicted mania and mania negatively predicted depression. • This pattern of results may be understood with reference to the differences between the design of the work of Murray and colleagues and the current investigation.

  15. Treatment of Bipolar Disorder • Psychotherapy • Cognitive behavioral therapy • Family-focused therapy • Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy • Psycho education • Medications • Mood stabilizing medication • Atypical antipsychotic medication • Antidepressants

  16. Other Treatments • Electric Convulsive Therapy • Sleep Medication

  17. Famous People Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder • Jim Carrey • Carrie Fischer • Robert Downey, Jr. • Robin Williams • Vivian Leigh • Connie Francis • Rosemary Clooney • Ben Stiller • Beethoven • Tim Burton • Francis Ford Coppola • Vincent VanGogh • Ted Turner • Sylvia Plath • Winston Churchill • Theodore Roosevelt • Edgar Allen Poe • Virginia Wolf • Mark Twain • Axl Rose • Jimi Hendrix

  18. Conclusion • Bipolar disorder is difficult to diagnose • Many people have it • It has a lot of affect on that person ability to lead a normal life • Can be treated, but there is no cure

  19. Citations • Altshuler L, Bookheimer S, Townsend J, Proenza MA, Sabb F, Mintz J, Cohen MS. Regional brain changes in bipolar I depression: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Bipolar Disord 2008: 10: 708–717. a 2008 The Authors Journal compilation a 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard • http://www.psychology.org/cgi-bin/links2/search.cgi?query=bipolar&bool=and&type=keyword&mh=25 • National Mental Institute of Health Website. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/complete-index.shtml • Famous People with Bipolar Disorder. http://www.mental-health-today.com/bp/famous_people.htm • A Brief History of Bipolar Disorder. http://www.caregiver.com/channels/bipolar/articles/brief_history.htm • Discovery Health Channel Website. Http://health.discovery.com/videos/fires-of-the-mind-bipolar-causes.html • Quilty, C., Sellbom, M., Tackett, J., Bagby, R. Personality trait predictors of bipolar disorder symptoms. Psychiatry Research 169 (2009) 159–163

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