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David Satola Senior Counsel dsatola@worldbank

Legal Framework for e-Development: Best Practices and Lessons Learned. David Satola Senior Counsel dsatola@worldbank.org. Washington, DC December 14, 2004. Government (“G”). Business (“B”). Consumer (“C”). Government. G2G – coordination. G2B – information. G2C – information. Business.

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David Satola Senior Counsel dsatola@worldbank

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  1. Legal Framework for e-Development: Best Practices and Lessons Learned David Satola Senior Counsel dsatola@worldbank.org Washington, DC December 14, 2004

  2. Government (“G”) Business (“B”) Consumer (“C”) Government G2G – coordination G2B – information G2C – information Business B2G – government procurement B2B-e-commerce between businesses B2C – e-commerce in consumer markets Consumer C2G – e.g., tax compliance C2B – price & other comparisons C2C – auction markets Types of E-Commerce Activities Jonathan Coppel, E-Commerce: Impacts and Policy Challenges 4 (OECD Economic Department Working Paper No. 252 23 June 2000)

  3. Enabling Environment is a mosaic of: • Policy • Legal • Market • Social and other local considerations • and must take account of • National vs. Cross Border concerns

  4. The Legal Framework… • Will consist of a variety of legal instruments: • Treaty and other int’l obligations • Laws • Regulations • Official Acts, etc. • And should embody basic principles: • Certainty • Predictability • Transparency • Respect for local legal practice and customs

  5. A Comprehensive Legal e-Enabling Environment Issues to Address vol. I

  6. A Comprehensive Legal e-Enabling environment Issues to address vol. II

  7. A Comprehensive Legal e-Enabling environment Issues to address vol. III

  8. A Comprehensive Legal e-Enabling environment Issues to address vol. IV

  9. Regulatory Framework alone is not enough to “enable” “e”: • Maturity of Markets • Tradition of “independent” authorities • Outlets to redress grievances, enforce rights, settle disputes

  10. Reform Process Issue Identification & Resolution Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Status Quo Issues Strategies Implementation Current Structure New Structure Policies & Objectives LEGAL REFORM • Broad Public Consultation • Stakeholder Buy-in • Local Ownership

  11. Objective of Legal Framework Design • Designing a legal framework that responds to local needs and is informed by international experience… • Increased Confidence and Use

  12. INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCES • UNCITRAL http://www.uncitral.org/en-index.htm • Model Law on Electronic Commerce, 1996 with additional article 5 bis, 1998 • Model Law on Electronic Signatures, 2001 • Convention – under preparation UN/CEFACT – ebXML http://www.unece.org/cefact/ Unidroit Cape Town Convention http://www.unidroit.org/english/conventions/mobile-equipment/mobile-equipment.pdf WSIShttp://www.itu.int/wsis OECD • Network Security • Privacy

  13. REGIONAL INFLUENCES EU Selected Directives • E-commerce Directive - 2000/31/EC of 8 June 2000 • Electronic Signature Directive - 1999/93/EC of 13 December 1999 • Distance Contracts Directive - 1997/7/EC of 20 May 1997 • Privacy and Electronic Communications - 2002/58/EC of 12 July 2002 Examples as reflected in National Legislation http://europa.eu.int/ida/en/chapter/424 http://europa.eu.int/ida/en/chapter/362

  14. REGIONAL INFLUENCESCont… • Council of Europe - Convention on Cybercrime (ETS 185) http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/EN/cadreprincipal.htm • UNCECE • UNESCAP • OAS • Caricom • ASEAN • APEC

  15. INDUSTRY & PRIVATE SECTOR INFLUENCES • International Chamber of Commerce – Task Force on Electronic Contracting • Draft ICC e-Terms 2004 • Draft ICC Guide to electronic contracting • http://www.iccwbo.org/law/ Hague Conference on Private International Law - Draft Convention on International Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters http://www.hcch.net/e/workprog/jdgm.html OASIS http://www.oasis-open.org/home/index.php SPeRS http://www.spers.org

  16. Current Factors Effecting Legal Framework • Resonance and Dissonance of • Communications regulation • E-commerce applications • Communications/Critical Infrastructure • Financial sector • Technology • Break down silo approach to addressing issues

  17. Current Issues • 1. Interoperability • Technical standards • cross border legal recognition • Protection of data privacy • Protection of IPRs • Network security / critical infrastructure • Jurisdiction • Cybercrime (including AML) • Party autonomy

  18. East Asia Pacific Example 23 countries benchmarked against 55+ criteria • Even where international models used, X-border interoperability is not ensured • General legislation may not expressly preclude legal validity of e-contracts, applicability to on-line world is not court-tested • Legal Frameworks for data privacy protection are weak • Consumer protection “online” is underdeveloped • Little specific in the area of Cybercrime

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