Understanding the Cold War: Origins and Global Implications

1. Learning Goal : Student will be able to explain how the Cold War started. - Western fear of Communist Expansion (Containment, Truman Doctrine, McCarthyism, Second Red Scare, HUAC, NATO) - Eastern fear of Capitalism (Warsaw Pact, Iron Curtain) - Rise of Nuclear Weapons (Arms Race, Brinkmanship, Cuban Missile Crisis) - Space Race Scale:

2. The Legacy of WWII Nuremburg Trials After the Potsdam Conference, the Allies decided to put members of the German government and military on trial at Nuremburg, Germany for war crimes. The defendants included some of Hitler's top officials. They were charged with crimes against humanity for the Nazi’s murder of millions of people in the Holocaust.

3. Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249” What are the basic differences between capitalism(free enterprise, market economy), socialism and communism (command economy)? Communism/Command Economy: 1) This type of economy was started by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel. • The government or central authority decides how the factors of production, land, labor and capital (money) will be used. There is little individual choice in how to use the factors of production. Example: The government will tell the people what and how much of something to make. 3) Many command economies are found in countries that have dictatorships.  People who criticize the government and how they operate can be punished. “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” “Workers of the World Unite” Engel Marx

4. Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249” What are the basic differences between capitalism(free enterprise, market economy), socialism and communism (command economy)? Communism/ Command Economy: - All of the factors of production are owned collectively by the government. - There is little or no private ownership of property. • The government gives goods and services to people based on their needs. • People are directed by the government into certain jobs and levels of education based on the needs of the economy. • Tries to eliminate economicclasses. ( Wealthy, Middle Class, Poor) • Organized religion is outlawed or discouraged. 

5. Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249”Write this in the “other information” box on p. 4 What are the basic differences between capitalism(free enterprise, market economy), socialism and communism (command economy)? Socialism: - Wealth should be distributed equally. - Nationalization- governmentowns, or controls most of the important businesses and industries in the country. - The government provides public services to all those in need. Like welfare if you lose your job, health care, retirement payments. - Taxes are very high.

6. Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249” What are the basic differences between capitalism(free enterprise, market economy), socialism and communism (command economy)? Market Economy- Free Enterprise, or Capitalism: -In this type of economy privateindividuals decide how the factors of production (land, labor, capital) are used, and how goods and services are produced and distributed. -There is little or nogovernmentcontrol of the economy. -It is based on competitionforprofits. The buyers (consumers) and sellers (producers) in an economy make the economic decisions. Their decisions determine how land, labor and capital are used in a country’s economy. • Adam Smith, a Scottish philosopher, economist and writer first developed the • idea of a modern market economy. -Wealth of Nations- 1776, a book written by Adam Smith that outlined the basic economic principles of capitalism. “Invisible Hand” Smith

7. Civics Text: Chapter 15- Economics and the American Economy“The American Economic System”- Text p. 243-249”Write this in the “other information” box on p. 5 Mixed Economy Is an economy that has a combination of socialism and capitalism. The United States is a mixed economy. Example- Social Security, Medicare, regulating industries/stock market, stopping monopolies, using tax money to help large businesses if they are going to fail. Socialism + Capitalism

8. Cold War After WWII, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. emerged as the two strongest countries (superpowers). Because of economic and political differences the nations became rivals. The two never directly fought each other, but they did come to the brink of war on many occasions. The tension between the two countries would influence and dominate world events for the next 50 years.

9. Berlin Blockade and Airlift After WWII, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. began to distrust each other more than ever. At the Potsdam Conference, Stalin had promised to allow free elections in the Eastern Europe counties the Soviets had liberated from the Germans. He broke this promise and set up communist/ pro- Soviet governments in those countries. Stalin did this because he was upset at the U.S. because we wanted to reunify Germany. To show his unhappiness about this, Stalin blockaded West Berlin. In response the U.S. launched a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin. Winston Churchill added to people’s mistrust of communism when he stated that an “Iron Curtain” had fallen over Eastern Europe. America was afraid of communism spreading around the world and eventually to the United States.

10. Berlin Blockade and Airlift East Germany East Berlin West Berlin West Germany Berlin

11. NATO and Warsaw Pact United States created NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization),as a defensive alliance for Western Europe as the communists gained control of Eastern Europe. In response to NATO, the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pactalliance for the nations of Eastern Europe.

12. Soviet Union • Albania (until 1968) • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • East Germany (until 1990) • Hungary • Poland • Romania U.S., Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain,, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Turkey. Original members 1949 NATO and the Warsaw Pact