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Chapter 11: Technology, Culture, & Everyday Life

Chapter 11: Technology, Culture, & Everyday Life. Section 1. Focus Question: What technological improvements increased industrial productivity between 1840-1860? Big Picture: Technology improves lives, agriculture, and the economy at a price. Just Think About It.

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Chapter 11: Technology, Culture, & Everyday Life

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  1. Chapter 11:Technology, Culture, & Everyday Life

  2. Section 1 • Focus Question:What technological improvements increased industrial productivity between 1840-1860? • Big Picture: • Technology improves lives, agriculture, and the economy at a price.

  3. Just Think About It • How does technology improve our daily lives? • How does technology improve our lives, but comes at a price (consequences)?

  4. Agriculture • 1834: Cyrus McCormick—Mechanical Reaper • 1837—John Deere—Steel Tipped Plow • Both assisted farmers harvest “frontier” • Civil War • Farmers could work more land • Downfall: purchased land & loans = debt • Farm land without conservation

  5. Technology & Industry • 1800—Eli Whitney began metal tool production • Cotton gin & interchangeable parts • Most parts still purchased from BR • 1840-1860’s—U.S. creates “American System” (H.Clay) • U.S. less reliant on European goods • Tariffs for manufacturing (N) • Encouraged entrepreneurs & inventions • RR & Canals for trade (W) • Communications for business—telegraphs • No plans for agricultural south

  6. Railroad Boom • 1850’s—American rail 3x’s faster than BR • Dangerous Conditions • Improvements: Time zone invented + • 1860—Chicago major RR shipping hub to connect East to Midwest (replaced NO) • Depression of 1830’s slowed down RR creation • 1850’s led to RR boom = stock exchange

  7. Prosperity • New technologies = more efficient working = lower prices • Small artisans could not compete • More wages = more buying = more demand • Growth of cities (more $ = expanding) • Women & children had opportunities to work and supplement farming family income • Urbanization in N & W = economic opportunites for all

  8. Section 2 • Focus Question: How did American pastimes and entertainment change between 1840-1860? • Big Picture: • People have more educated, have more leisure time, and are forming social groups.

  9. Dwellings • Urban Setting: Brick row-homes • Working class homes sectioned off and popular among immigrants (Irish) and free blacks • Middle class: building odd shaped houses • Fancy, lots of wood, & upholstered • Rural poor class: poorly constructed cabins

  10. 1840-1850 Life Improves Conveniences Inconveniences • Transportation & industry • Coal stoves • Railroads • Pipes & aqueducts for fresh water in urban areas • NY • Coal dust & carbon monoxide • Fresh fruits/veggies only available to wealthy • Salted pork • Lack of running water • Conditions • Body odor • Hogs as street cleaners • Poor sanitation

  11. Diseases & Health • Epidemics—rapidly spreading diseases • Cholera & Yellow Fever killed 1/5 of New Orleans • High infant mortality • Distrusted doctors b/c they could not cure • Quarantine—separate sick from society

  12. Diseases & Health • 1840—Health Advancements • Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas) anesthetic • Sulfuric Ether in surgery • Lack of sterilizing equipment • Health Movements • Water Cure 1840s (Europe) • 1832—Sylvester Graham • Abstinence & utopian communities

  13. Phrenology • Orson & Lorenzo Fowler 1830s • “bumps” in head are connected towards personality • Exercising “bumps” = improved character • Popular for helping pick mates & employees

  14. Section 3 • Focus Question: • Big Picture: 1830-1860 allowed Americans higher wages = more leisure time

  15. Newspapers • 3-4 pages, paid for by political supporters • 1830s—steam driven press • James Gordon Bennett & penny press • NY Sun & NY Herald • Included daily events & “stories "of crime

  16. Theater • 50 cents/seat & crowded • All classes, even prostitution allowed • Astor Place Riots • Melodramas like Shakespeare & short performances

  17. Minstrel Shows • 1840-1850—shows depicting stereotypical blacks • “dancing, stumbling, poor language” • Whites painted faces • Popular shows traveled across the U.S., even the White House

  18. P.T. Barnum • From CT, journalist, & “crook” • 1834—began career in “circus shows” • Books 80 yo black woman who claimed to be GW nurse (169 yo!) • 1841—purchased the American Museum in NY • Typical museums had stuffed animals • Barnum displayed “oddities” • Magicians, Tom Thumb, Mermaid, albinos

  19. Tom Thumb

  20. Section 4 • Focus Question: How did Americans express their distinctiveness in their literature in art? • Big Picture: Move from “fancy” writing/art to more accessible material for the masses/

  21. Roots of the Renaissance Economic & Philosophical Fiction & Poetry • Transportation Revolution = ideas of fiction and unknown • Prior to 1800s • Classicism—educated writers showing off understanding of Ancient literature. • During 1800’s • Romanticism • Popular b/c more were educated and now had access to new type of literature. • Books taught morals with interesting and identifiable characters

  22. Focus on Novels

  23. Focus on Poetry and Essays

  24. Painters Hudson River School Central Park • Interpreted nature & landscapes • NA & Hudson River • 1858 • Frederick Law Olmsted & Calvert Vaux • Nature inside a city

  25. Changes in Society Reflected in Literature

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