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Ch 5Review

Psy 1513 - Allen. Ch 5Review. Variables. Waking Consciousness : Normal, clear, organized, alertness Altered State of Consciousness (ASC): Changes that occur in quality and pattern of mental activity May be due to sensory overload, unusual physical conditions, and restricted sensory input

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Ch 5Review

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  1. Psy 1513 - Allen Ch 5Review

  2. Variables • Waking Consciousness: • Normal, clear, organized, alertness • Altered State of Consciousness (ASC): • Changes that occur in quality and pattern of mental activity • May be due to sensory overload, unusual physical conditions, and restricted sensory input • EXAMPLES: • Sleep: Innate, biological rhythm • Microsleep: Brief shift in brain-wave patterns similar to those during sleep • Daydreams • Sleep spindles – increased brain waves during stage 2 sleep • Hypnic jerk – reflex muscle contraction during stage 1 sleep

  3. Variables • List several “altered states of consciousness”. • sleep, dreaming, daydreaming, “zoning” out • List and describe the stages of sleep. • Stage 1: • Alpha waves - Small, irregular brainwaves produced in light sleep (people may or may not say they were asleep) • Hypnic Jerk: • Reflex muscle contraction • Stage 2: • Theta Waves • Deeper sleep • Sleep spindles • (bursts of distinctive brain-wave activity) appear • Stage 3: • Deeper sleep • Delta waves (very large and slow) appear • Stage 4: • Deepest level of normal sleep • Almost purely Delta waves

  4. Variables • Differentiate among the dream theories. • Psychodynamic (Freudian) Theory: • Emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces • Wish Fulfillment: • Freudian belief that many dreams are expressions of unconscious desires • Much evidence to refute this • Dream Symbols - Images that have a deeper symbolic meaning • Manifest content – plot of the dream at the surface level • Latent content – hidden meaning of the dream • Cognitive, Problem Solving (Cartwright) – we use dreams to work out daily problems • Activation-synthesis (Hobson & McCarley) – dreams are the by-product of bursts of activity from the brain (“wide-awake” waves periodically produced during sleep) • Dream content may be affected by motor commands in the brain during sleep that are not carried out

  5. Variables • Differentiate among sleep disorders … • Insomnia: • Difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep • Sleeping pills exacerbate insomnia • Cause decrease in REM and Stage 4 sleep and may cause dependency • Temporary Insomnia: • Brief period of sleeplessness caused by worry, stress, and excitement • Avoid fighting it and read a book, for example, until you’re struggling to stay awake • Chronic Insomnia: • Exists if sleeping troubles last for more than three weeks • Behavioral treatments work best, however more often drugs are prescribed • Sleepwalking (Somnambulism): • Occurs in NREM sleep during Stages 3 and 4 • Gently guide person back to bed • Sleeptalking: • Speaking while asleep • Occurs in NREM sleep • Narcolepsy • Sudden, irresistible sleep attacks

  6. Variables • Differentiate among sleep disorders … (cont.) • Sleep Apnea: • Repeated interrupted breathing during sleep • Cause of very loud snoring • Associated with many heath problems including heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and death • Know your drug types … • Psychoactive Drug: • Substance capable of altering your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors (Ex. attention, judgment, memory, time sense, self-control, emotion, or perception) • Three major classifications… • Stimulant: • Substance that increases activity in body and nervous system • Depressant: • Substance that decreases activity in body and nervous system • Hallucinogen: • Substance that alters or distorts sensory impressions • What is the most commonly used drug in the US? Caffeine

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