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Elements of a novel

Elements of a novel. Mrs. Banfield Freshman English Coronado High School 11/14/12. Setting.

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Elements of a novel

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  1. Elements of a novel Mrs. Banfield Freshman English Coronado High School 11/14/12

  2. Setting • The time and location in which a story takes place is called the setting. For some stories the setting is very important, while for others it is not. There are several aspects of a story’s setting to consider when examining how setting contributes to a story (some, or all, may be present in a story)

  3. Setting (cont.) • Place: geographical location; Where is the action of the story taking place? • Time: when is the story taking place? • Weather Conditions: Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc.? • Social Conditions: What is the daily life of the character like? • Mood or Atmosphere: What feeling is created at the beginning of the story?

  4. Plot • Exposition/Introduction • Beginning of story • Where characters and setting are revealed • Rising Action • Where events in the story become complicated • Where conflict is revealed • Climax • Highest point of interest • Turning point of the story • Reader wonders what will happen next

  5. Plot (cont.) • Falling action • Events and complications begin to resolve • Reader knows what has happened • Conflict is resolved…or not • Resolution/Denouement • Final outcome or untangling of events in the story • Synonyms: solution, conclusion, upshot, etc.

  6. Conflict • Conflict is essential to plot • Not merely limited to arguments – any opposition that faces main character • Short Story • May be only one central struggle • May be one dominant struggle and many minor ones • Two TYPES of conflict • External –A struggle with a force outside one’s self • Internal – A struggle within one’s self

  7. Conflict (cont.) • Four KINDS of conflict • Man vs. Man • Physical • Struggles with strength against other men, forces of nature, or animals • Man vs. Circumstances • Classical • Leading character struggles against fate, life, etc. • Man vs. Society • Social • Struggles against ideas, practices, or customs • Man vs. Himself • Psychological • Struggles with himself/herself, soul, ideas of right & wrong

  8. Character • There are two meanings for the word character • The person in a work of fiction • The characteristics of a person • Persons in a work of fiction: • Protagonist: Character that is central to the story with all major events having some importance to this character • Antagonist: the character who opposes the protagonist

  9. Character • The characteristics of a person: • His/her physical appearance • What he/she says, thinks, feels and dreams • What he/she does or does not do • What others say about him/her and how others react to him/her • Characters are: • Individual: round, many sided and complex • Developing: dynamic, many sided and changing • Static: stereotype, have not changed, etc.

  10. Point of View (POV) • Defined as the angle from which the story is told • Innocent Eye – The story is told through the eyes of a child • Stream of Conciousness – The story is told so that the reader feels as if they are in the head of the characters • First Person – The story is told by the protagonist or one of the characters who interacts closely with the protagonist

  11. Point of View (cont.) • Omniscient: • The author can narrate the story using the omniscient POV • Can move from character to character/event to event • Free access to the thoughts, feelings, and motivations of the character • Introduces information when & where he chooses • Omniscient Limited: • Tells story in 3rd person • Audience only knows what the character knows • Only know what the author allows to be told • Omniscient Objective: • Author tells the story in 3rd person • Appears as though a camera is following the characters • Only records what is seen and heard • No comment on the character or thoughts. • No interpretations are offered • Reader in position of spectator

  12. Theme • The theme is a controlling idea or central insight • Author’s underlying meaning or main idea • May be author’s thoughts about topic/idea • Title of short story usually points to what the writer is saying • Uses various figures of speech to emphasize theme • Examples • Love is blind • Believe in yourself • Don’t judge others • Decisions change outcome

  13. Irony • Verbal Irony: a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant • Situational Irony: an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected, the difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does • Dramatic Irony: reader’s/audiences’s knowledge of events is greater than that of the character(s).

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