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The (Very Near) Future of Electric Transportation Utility Challenges and Opportunities

The (Very Near) Future of Electric Transportation Utility Challenges and Opportunities. 2009 APPA National Conference June 16 th , 2009 Mark Duvall. The Electric Power Research Institute. Independent, unbiased, tax-exempt collaborative research organization

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The (Very Near) Future of Electric Transportation Utility Challenges and Opportunities

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  1. The (Very Near) Future of Electric TransportationUtility Challenges and Opportunities 2009 APPA National Conference June 16th, 2009 Mark Duvall

  2. The Electric Power Research Institute Independent, unbiased, tax-exempt collaborative research organization 460 participants in over 40 countries Major offices in Palo Alto, CA; Charlotte, NC and Knoxville, TN RD&D consortium for the electricity industry founded in 1973

  3. Plug-In Vehicles are Coming Dodge Nissan BMW Mercedes Cadillac Chrysler Chevrolet Tesla Toyota Miles Saturn Ford Mitsubishi Smart BYD Ford

  4. 1st PHEV Introduction Production Ramp Up 2008 2006 2010 2012 2014 2016 PHEV Development Timeline First Announcements of Production-Intent PHEV Programs Other OEM PHEVs, EVs Enter Market Launch of 1st Gen 2 Programs

  5. Opportunities Beneficial electrification Cost-effective emissions reductions CO2 Criteria emissions ‘New’ customers on existing assets New potential business models Improve economics, environment of your communities Challenges Understand customer needs Understand and minimize system impacts Near-term rollout (2010) vs. long-term planning Utility Challenges and OpportunitiesGetting Ready

  6. 1st PHEV Introduction Production Ramp Up 2008 2006 2010 2012 2014 2016 PHEV Development Timeline First Announcements of Production-Intent PHEV Programs Other OEM PHEVs, EVs Enter Market Launch of 1st Gen 2 Programs

  7. 1st PHEV Introduction Production Ramp Up 2016 2014 2012 2008 2006 2010 PHEV Development Timeline First Announcements of Production-Intent PHEV Programs Other OEM PHEVs, EVs Enter Market Launch of 1st Gen 2 Programs Production Implementation of Smart Charging and AMI Integration Begin Smart Charging Development Finalize Connector (SAE J1772) Finalize Communications (SAE J2836) Auto – Utility Collaborations

  8. Environmental Impact of Electric Transportation Results of detailed electric sector and air quality modeling ET creates definitive well-to-wheels CO2 reduction U.S. Potential:400-500 million metric ton annual (on-road)100+ million mton (non-road) ‘Credit’ for these reductions still undetermined Nationwide improvement in air quality—all gen sources Annual Reduction in Greenhouse Gas EmissionsFrom PHEV Adoption

  9. Community Economic Benefits • Study of Cleveland Metro area • 2.9M residents • EV adoption: • Increases electricity consumption • increases household income • 6k – 10k jobs/yr created

  10. GM/EPRI/Utility Collaboration BC Hydro Manitoba Hydro Snohomish County PUD No. 1 Seattle City Light Hydro-Québec Avista Corp. Portland General Electric PacifiCorp NY ISO Great River Energy Central Hudson G&E Hydro One Northeast Utilities Consumers Energy Rochester G&E United Illuminating Dairyland Power We Energies NYPA EnWin ConEd DTE Madison G&E PSEG PJM Nebraska Public Power Dist. Exelon FirstEnergy Constellation Energy Sacramento Municipal UD Lincoln Electric Pepco Holdings, Inc. AEP Hetch Hetchy Water and Power Hoosier Dominion Resources Tri-State G&T Great Plains Energy Pacific Gas & Electric Ameren Services Duke Energy Southern California Edison Progress Energy Salt River Project Tennessee Valley Auth. Arkansas Electric Coop San Diego Gas & Electric Southern Company EUROPE Iberdrola, S.A. Austin Energy Golden Valley Electric Assn. CenterPoint Energy CPS Energy Hawaiian Electric Co.

  11. Components of Grid Integration Utility – Auto industry collaboration Standardize interface vehicle-to-grid Common Open systems AMI Path Plug-In Vehicle StandardInterface Non-AMI Path Smart Charging Back End Energy Management, Cust ID, Billing

  12. PHEV ‘Trouble Truck’ Program • Migrate PHEV technology to high-volume applications • Utility fleets act as early adopters • Federal stimulus proposal • 328 vehicles to utility and public fleets in large multi-year demonstration • Production-ready design and facilities

  13. Non-Road Electric Transportation Airports & Sea Ports Ground support equipment Ground power A/C & Refrigeration Material handling Lift trucks Trucks & support vehicles • Benefits • Saves customers money • Beneficial electrification • Reduce emissions • Leverage existing customer relationship

  14. Distribution System Impacts • Evaluate localized impacts of PHEVs to utility distribution systems • Participants – ConEd, AEP, Hydro-Quebec, Dominion, TVA, Southern, NU, BC Hydro, SRP, Duke Distribution Impacts Plug-In Characteristics • Thermal Loading • Losses • Voltage • Imbalance • Harmonics • Protection System Impacts • Advanced Metering • EE devices • Plug-in vehicle type and range • PEV market share and distribution • Charge profile and power level • Charger behavior

  15. ~ 3 PLASMA TVs and SET TOP BOXES CHEVY VOLTExtended Range Electric Vehicle PLASMA TV Annual Energy 623 kWh SET TOP BOX Annual Energy Consumption = 2,500 kWh Annual Energy 263 kWh Annual Energy Consumption = 886 kWh Plug-in Vehicle Energy Consumption

  16. Clarifying Infrastructure and Charging Requirements Charging Requirements Utility Infrastructure Checklist • Single conductive connector standard • Bi-directional communication standardized on both grid and vehicle sides • Develop and validate interoperable applications for smart charging into home infrastructure • Understand and support municipal and customer needs for public infrastructure • Facilitate easy adoption—meet each vehicle owner’s own infrastructure needs.

  17. July 27th 2007 24 hr: Total Loading for the Feeder Under Study 12000 11000 10000 9000 Total Loading at Substation (KW) 8000 off-peak load 7000 off-peak load 6000 5000 Base Load Scenario 4000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hours Distribution System AnalysisSmart Charging is a Key Technology to Reduce Impacts

  18. July 27th 2007 24 hr: Total Loading for the Feeder Under Study 12000 11000 10000 9000 Total Loading at Substation (KW) 8000 off-peak load 7000 off-peak load 6000 Base Load Scenario 5000 PHEV Case 1:- (240V, 12A) Charging @6pm Penetration=10% 4000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hours Distribution System AnalysisSmart Charging is a Key Technology to Reduce Impacts

  19. July 27th 2007 24 hr: Total Loading for the Feeder Under Study 12000 11000 10000 9000 Total Loading at Substation (KW) 8000 off-peak load 7000 off-peak load 6000 Base Load Scenario 5000 PHEV Case 1:- (240V, 12A) Charging @6pm Penetration=10% PHEV Case 2:- (240V, 12A) Charging @9pm Penetration=10% 4000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hours Distribution System AnalysisSmart Charging is a Key Technology to Reduce Impacts

  20. July 27th 2007 24 hr: Total Loading for the Feeder Under Study 12000 11000 10000 9000 Total Loading at Substation (KW) 8000 off-peak load 7000 off-peak load 6000 Base Load Scenario 5000 PHEV Case 3:- (240V, 12A) Diversified Charging @9pm-1am Penetration=10% 4000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hours Distribution System AnalysisSmart Charging is a Key Technology to Reduce Impacts

  21. Charging Infrastructure Public • Residential – majority of units • Seamless installations for homeowners • Permits, electricians, inspections • Rates and • Workplace or Retail • Commercial/Industrial customers • Public Charging • Support municipalities • Very expensive Workplaceor Retail Residential

  22. Going Forward – Getting Ready • Create internal team—fleet, system planning, customer service, etc • Emphasis on planning and education/training • Understand community wants/needs • City governments, stakeholders • Support infrastructure planning • EPRI supporting information (through TVA) • Public outreach and education materials • OEM collaborative and vehicle demo programs • Infrastructure planning information and tools • Fleet adoption info • Grid impacts and environmental analyses • Develop a high-level plan—but pace the implementation

  23. Plug-In Vehicles as Distributed Energy Resources • Definitions • V2G – bidirectional transient power & ancilliary services • V2H – premise peak shaving and DR • Smart charging – load shaping, DR, etc. • Whether or not true V2G is realized, vehicles will eventually be aggregated for grid services • 3rd party DR • Grid regulation, even if one-way • 3rd party smart charging • Renewables integration

  24. Image from NASA Visible Earth

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