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Nuclear Reactors Schemes and thermodynamics

Nuclear Reactors Schemes and thermodynamics. William D’haeseleer. P W R Pressurized Water Reactors. T prim ~ 300 °C (max ~ 320 à 330°C; T sat = 345 °C) p prim ~ 155 bar ► Primary circuit = liquid. Note that level pressurizer is at ~ 20 m above output reactor;

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Nuclear Reactors Schemes and thermodynamics

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  1. Nuclear ReactorsSchemes and thermodynamics William D’haeseleer

  2. P W RPressurized Water Reactors

  3. Tprim~ 300 °C (max ~ 320 à 330°C; Tsat = 345 °C) pprim ~ 155 bar ► Primary circuit =liquid

  4. Note that level pressurizer is at ~ 20 m above output reactor; this amounts to ~ 2 bar difference (observe that psat= 128.6 bar at T=330°C)

  5. Thermodynamic Cycle in PWR (primary cycle)

  6. Typical Parameters Tin≈ 280 à 290 °C Tout ≈ 310 à 330 °C pprim≈ 155 bar = 15.5 MPa Δppump 5 bar = 0.5 MPa

  7. Thermodynamic Cycle in PWR (secondary cycle)

  8. Example parameters Doel 4 Primary Circuit pprim = 155.2 bar (at pressurizer) T in reactor = 294 °C T out reactor = 332 °C Mass flow per loop = 23 482 m3/h Secondary Circuit p out SG = 76 bar (at outlet SG) T out SG = 291.3 °C Steam mass flow 3 SG = 6000 t/h T in SG= 224 °C p in SG = 78 bar

  9. CANDU Horizontal pressure tubes, D2O at about 100 bar, no boiling Tin = 266 °C Tout = 310 °C D2O acts as moderator in “calandria” (‘pressureless’ vessel) Continuous refueling possible Fuel = natural uranium

  10. Boiling Water Reactor BWR

  11. Typical Western LWR Typical psteam = 70 bar Tout reactor = 290 °C

  12. RBMK Vertical pressure tubes, H2O at about 70 bar, Tin = 260 °C Tout = 284 °C  Boiling occurs Graphite acts as moderator surrounding the fuel tubes Continuous refueling possible Fuel = enriched uranium (2%)

  13. RBMK

  14. Continuous loading reactor

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