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INTRODUCTION TO SATELLITES

INTRODUCTION TO SATELLITES. LESSON 2. DEFINITIONS: SPACE. A place free from obstacles. An altitude at which an aircraft cannot fly due to the lack of aerodynamic force. Outer Space Law Treaty

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INTRODUCTION TO SATELLITES

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO SATELLITES LESSON 2

  2. DEFINITIONS: SPACE A place free from obstacles. • An altitude at which an aircraft cannot fly due to the lack of aerodynamic force. Outer Space Law Treaty • To ensure that the governments of various countries have no claim of sovereignty over the space or the moon. • Most of the members of UN involved in space activities and ITU have signed this treaty.

  3. CLASSIFICATION OF SPACE • Air space.Region below 100 km from the earth's surface. • Outer space:cosmic space and falls between 100 km and 42,000 km: Aerodynamic lift is ineffective and is taken over by the centrifugal force. • Deep space:Regions beyond 42,000 km fall in this category which is not in use for the communication satellites.

  4. ACTIVE SATELLITES • Unlike Passive Satellites, they employ transponders to process and transmit signals. • They use bend-pipe technology here frequency translation and amplification take place • Most contemporary communication satellites employ regenerative technology in which demodulation/demultiplexing takes place thus allowing Intersatellite Links (ISL).

  5. COMPONENTS OF THE SATELLITE SPACE SEGMENT The space segment of a satellite system consist of: • The satellites • Ground facilities providing the tracking, telemetry and telecommand (TTC) functions • Logistics support for the satellite stations.

  6. FIRST LAW OF KEPLER The trajectory of any satellite which experiences such a central force µ/r2 is a conic section whose focus coincides with the centre of the Earth as shown below.

  7. SPACE SEGMENT - GSO • Most communication satellites with a few exceptions (e.g. satellite mobile communication satellites) describe a circular orbit on the equatorial plane at an altitude of about 36 000 km

  8. ADVANTAGES OF USING STATIONARY ORBITS This characteristic enables the satellite to provide permanent coverage of a given area with the following advantages: • Simplified design of earth stations, since they are no longer required to track satellites moving at considerable angular velocities • More efficient use of the radio spectrum and orbital resources.

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