Learning Objectives: Understand what Organisations are

1. Chapter 1: Organisations and Organisational Behaviour • Learning Objectives: • Understand what Organisations are • Develop a Perspective on Organisations in India • Explain what is Organisational Behaviour (OB) and how it has evolved • Discover what Disciplines Contribute to and are Related to Knowledge in OB • Examine our Framework Adopted by this book to Understand OB

2. Social Organisation (E.g. Family) Work Organisations Individual Organizations - Introduction • Work Organisations: among different types of organisations that are all around us • Organisations have goals, membership criteria and membership is contractual

3. “A social membership which limits or closes admission of outsiders by rules ... so far as its order is enforced by the action of specific individuals.” Definitions • A continuing system • Differentiated and coordinated human activities • Utilizing, transforming and combining • A specific set of human, material, capital, ideational and natural resources • Into a unique problem-solving whole • Engaged in satisfying particular human needs • In interaction with other systems of human activities and resources in the environment.

4. Organizations - Features • Powerful tool, controlled by humans • Versatile, greater potential than individuals • Longer life • Not open for everybody • Complex , formal systems • With life cycles • Rational and non-rational • Hierarchical • Created for stability and control

5. Organisations as Metaphors

6. Organizations as Metaphors … Cntd.

7. Quantitative Approach Systems Approach A Problem or an Unrealized opportunity ProcessApproach Contingency Approach Managerial effort and outcomes Desired outcomes? New problem or Opportunity Organisational Behaviour Approach Organisational Behaviour as one of the approaches to Management

8. Why is OB Relevant? • Process approach popular in stable, predictable environment • Earlier competitive advantages of capital and technology eroding • Environmental change, uncertainty require quick adaptation, knowledge and creativity – rely on people • Features of OB: • A field of scientific study of behaviour, resulting knowledge applied to attain organisational effectiveness • Focus on behaviour within the organisation • Humanistic and Optimistic • Importance of Groups • Ongoing Process

9. OB Timeline 1922: Max Weber gives the concept o Bureaucracy 1925: Mary Parker Follette writes on Power, conflict and leadership 1938: Chester Bernard writes about Functions of Executive 1939: Hawthorn studies are carried out and its findings are published 1960: Douglas McGregor gives theories X and Y 1985: Peter F. Drucker gives the concept of MBO 1990: Peter Senge writes about Learning and Change

10. OB Streams on the Indian Front • Belief in Direct Applicability of Ancient Indian Wisdom • Purist Belief in Transnational and Universal Thought • Modifying Basic Western Concepts to Suit Indian Requirement • Basic Indian Tradition modified to serve as foundation for integrative management practices • “Crossvergence” • Contributing Disciplines • Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology, Social Psychology, Political Science, Management Science • Sister disciplines: Organisation Theory, Organisation Development and Human Resources Management

11. Individual Dynamics Attitudes Personality and Values Perception Motivation Interpersonal Effectiveness Effectiveness of Organisational Roles Individual Effectiveness Leading for Desired Organisational Outcomes Through understanding, and managing humanbehaviour at work Group Dynamics Communication Conflict and Stress and Negotiation Decision-making Power & Politics Organisational Dynamics Organisational Design Organisational Structure Organisational Culture Group Effectiveness Organisational Effectiveness Effectiveness of Leading Styles and Competencies