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East Timor (Timor-Leste) : Introduction

East Timor (Timor-Leste) : Introduction . Images of Timor. Basic Points. Timor = east (in Malay) Series of Colonization: Portugal, Japan, Indonesia State of Wars and civil unrests Poverty 11883 sq mile – approx half belongs to Indonesia (west) and other half as independent state (east)

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East Timor (Timor-Leste) : Introduction

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  1. East Timor (Timor-Leste) : Introduction

  2. Images of Timor

  3. Basic Points • Timor = east (in Malay) • Series of Colonization: Portugal, Japan, Indonesia • State of Wars and civil unrests • Poverty • 11883 sq mile – approx half belongs to Indonesia (west) and other half as independent state (east) • Melanesian

  4. Pre-Colonial Timor • 1st wave of migration – Austroloid 40000-20000 BC • 2nd wave – Malanesian – the Austroloid move to the inner land • 3rd and 4th wave = Malay and Chinese • 16th century – small chiefdomsand lucrative sandalwoods business

  5. Colonial Timor (Portuguese Occupation) • Mid 16th century – colonized by Portugal (started with Dominican friars + suppressing various ethnic wars among chiefdoms • Minimal Colonial Investment • 1859 treaty – west side of Timorto Dutch East Indies (then Indonesian eventually) • More extraction  from sandalwood to coffee plantation • 1942-1945 Japanese occupation • 1945 Portugal resumed occupation • 98% Roman Catholic (million population)

  6. Post-Colonial and Indonesian Occupation • 28 Nov 75 Declaration of Independence • Invasion of Indonesia + annexation • 100,000 to 250,000 lost their lives (part of Indonesia’s suppression of communism (New Order since 1965) from Timor political dynamism  unrests) • Not having any international recognition until the 1991 massacre and imprisonment of an independence leader Xanana Gusmão by the Indonesia • 30 Aug 1999– UN supervised – 78% for independence  more violence by the militias supported by Indonesia -> 20 September 99 Australian –led peacekeeping

  7. Post Independent Timor • 20 May 2002 – Fully independent state with international recognition • April 2006 – Another civil unrest and the government requested another Australian-led International Stabilization Force, August – UN Integrated Mission in Timor to restored stability and arrange new election in 2007 • 2008 Another rebel • Poverty and Domination of Australia in Oil production

  8. References • Official Gateway of the Governmentg of East Timor http://www.timor-leste.gov.tl/AboutTimorleste/history.htm • Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor> and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_East_Timor • The World Fact Book https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tt.html • Annotated directory of Internet resource http://newton.uor.edu/Departments&Programs/AsianStudiesDept/timor.html • Kingsbury, D. (2005). South-East Asia: A Political Profile. Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

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