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Treatment Wetlands for Sustainable Water Management

Explore the diverse types and mechanisms of treatment wetlands, including surface flow, horizontal subsurface flow, and vertical flow systems. Learn how wetlands aid in the ecological restoration and purification of wastewater, covering various intensification methods and the energy needs of natural vs. mechanical systems. Discover real-world applications in different industries and geographic regions, with references for further reading.

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Treatment Wetlands for Sustainable Water Management

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  1. Treatment Wetlands Presented by: Scott Wallace, P.E. Scott.Wallace@naturallywallace.com (612) 802-2329

  2. References for Wetland Design • Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) • Small Scale Constructed Wetland Systems (Wallace & Knight, 2006) • Treatment Wetlands 2nd Edition • (Kadlec & Wallace, 2009)

  3. Types of Treatment Wetlands • Surface Flow (SF) • Horizontal Subsurface Flow (HSSF) • Vertical Flow (VF) • Sludge Dewatering Reed Beds • Intensified Wetlands • Aerated (cold climates) • fill-and-drain (warm climates) • reactive media (ammonia, phosphorus, etc) • industrial wastewaters

  4. Surface Flow Wetlands Kadlec & Wallace, 2008

  5. Surface Flow Wetlands Champion Paper, Pensacola Florida

  6. Horizontal Subsurface Flow Wetlands Wallace & Knight, 2006

  7. Horizontal Subsurface Flow Wetland Wildflower Meadows: 90-person treatment system

  8. Vertical Flow Wetland IWA, 2000

  9. Vertical Flow Wetland Rousillon, France

  10. Sludge Dewatering Reed Bed Skovby, Denmark: 8000-person treatment wetland Kadlec & Wallace, 2008

  11. Main Treatment Mechanisms • Adsorption of dissolved-phase hydrocarbons • Microbial degradation of organic compounds • Settling of particulate compounds • Oxidation and reduction of nitrogen compounds • Precipitation of metals • Use of intensification methods (aeration and reactive medias to accelerate treatment)

  12. Natural vs. Mechanical Systems Energy and O&M Needs LEAST MOST Mechanical Treatment Systems Intensified Wetlands Natural Systems Area Requirements MOST LEAST

  13. Climate Range of Treatment Wetlands Wellsville, New York Northern Sahara, Libya

  14. Casper, Wyoming Casper

  15. BP – Casper, Wyoming Refinery • Operated 1912 to 1991 • 37,000 m3 of LNAPL recovered to date • Extensive smear zone due to river flooding • 50 to 100 years to remediate site • High mountain west: -35oC

  16. BP – Casper Wyoming Refinery

  17. Casper Reuse Plan HSSF Wetlands SF Wetlands

  18. Full-Size System from Pilot Data Wallace & Kadlec, 2005

  19. Casper Intensified Wetland Cell

  20. Casper System Construction

  21. Casper Wetland Construction

  22. Casper Benzene Data 2004 - 2006 Benzene effluent at Outfall 001 consistently below detection levels <0.01 mg/L

  23. Rosebel Gold Mine Project Site

  24. Cyanide Removal

  25. Iron Removal

  26. Multi-Stage Treatment Processes • Wetlands are typically multi-stage treatment systems • Process Chemistry • Site Topography Compania Minera Antamina, Peru

  27. Conclusions • Treatment wetlands are already being used in North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia • Surface flow, horizontal subsurface flow, vertical flow, and intensified wetlands are all being used • Use of wetlands for treatment wetlands is increasing on two major fronts: • Range of applications in different industries • Construction of wetlands in different geographic regions

  28. Thank you for your time Treatment Wetlands

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