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U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy and International Cooperation

This report provides an overview of U.S. space-based PNT policy, GPS and augmentation programs status, and international cooperation activities. It highlights the goals of ensuring uninterrupted availability of PNT services, meeting national security and civil requirements, and promoting U.S. technological leadership.

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U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy and International Cooperation

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  1. U.S. Space-Based PNTPolicy, Programs, and International Cooperation David A. Turner, Deputy Director Office of Space and Advanced Technology Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science U.S. Department of State December 1, 2009

  2. Overview • U.S. Space-based PNT Policy • GPS & Augmentation Programs Status • International Cooperation Activities 2

  3. U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy GOAL: Ensure the U.S. maintains space-based PNT services, augmentation, back-up, and service denial capabilities that… • Provide uninterrupted availability of PNT services • Meet growing national, homeland, economic security, and civil requirements, and scientific and commercial demands • Remain the pre-eminent military space-based PNT service • Continue to provide civil services that exceed or are competitive with foreign civil space-based PNT services and augmentation systems • Remain essential components of internationally accepted PNT services • Promote U.S. technological leadership in applications involving space-based PNT services 3

  4. Defense Transportation State Interior NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA Agriculture Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA GPS International Working Group Chair: State Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation U.S. Space-Based PNT Organization Structure WHITE HOUSE Ad HocWorking Groups

  5. U.S. Policy Promotes Global Use of GPS Technology • No direct user fees for civil GPS services • Provided on a continuous, worldwide basis • Open, public signal structures for all civil services • Promotes equal access for user equipment manufacturing, applications development, and value-added services • Encourages open, market-driven competition • Global compatibility and interoperability with GPS • Service improvements for civil, commercial, and scientific users worldwide • Protection of radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference

  6. U.S. Space-based PNT Policy • GPS & Augmentation Programs Status • International Cooperation Activities 6

  7. GPS Constellation Status 30 Operational Satellites(Baseline Constellation: 24) • 11 Block IIA • 12 Block IIR • 7 Block IIR-M • Transmitting new second civil signal • 1 GPS IIR-M in on-orbit testing • 3 additional satellites in residual status • Next launch: IIF ~ June 2010 • Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993

  8. SPS Signal in Space Performance Signal-in-Space User Range Error (SIS URE) the difference between a GPS satellite’s navigation data (position and clock) and the truth, projected on the line-of-sight to the user N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7 2001 SPS Performance Standard (RMS over all SPS SIS URE) 6 5 2008 SPS Performance Standard (Worst of any SPS SIS URE) 4 RMS SIS URE (m) RMS Signal-in-space User Range Error (URE), meters 3 Decreasing range error 2 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 1 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1997 2001 2004 2006 2008 Selective Availability (SA) System accuracy exceeds published standard

  9. Recent Program Successes Space Segment • SVN 49 launched in March 09 • L5 demo payload secured frequency filing • Signal distortion investigation still underway • SVN 50 launched in August 09 • Set healthy • Completed GPS Delta II launches • GPS IIF completed Pathfinder testing • GPS IIIA completed Preliminary Design Reviews Ground Segment • Delivered new version of OCS (AEP 5.5) to final regression testing with SAASM capability • Completed successful OCX, SDR, Modernized Capability Demo and RFP release

  10. GPS Modernization – New Civil Signals • Second civil signal “L2C” • Designed to meet commercial needs • Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction • Available since 2005 without data message • Currently, 7 IIR-Ms transmitting L2C • Full capability: 24 satellites ~2016 • Third civil signal “L5” • Designed to meet demanding requirements for transportation safety-of-life • Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band • On orbit broadcast 10 APR 2009 on IIR-20(M) secured ITU frequency filing • Full capability: 24 satellites ~2018

  11. GPS Modernization – Fourth Civil Signal (L1C) • Designed with international partnersfor interoperability • Modernized civil signal at L1 frequency • More robust navigation across a broad rangeof user applications • Improved performance in challengedtracking environments • Original signal retained for backward compatibility • Specification developed in cooperationwith industry recently completed • Launches with GPS III in 2014 • On 24 satellites by ~2021 Under Trees Urban Canyons

  12. GPS Modernization – Semi-codeless Transition • GPS receivers attain very high accuracy by using "codeless" or "semi-codeless" techniques that exploit the encrypted military GPS signals without actually decoding them • Techniques will no longer be necessary once the new civil GPS signals are fully operational • US government published a notice for users to transition to GPS civil-coded signals by December 31, 2020 • Provided time for an orderly and systematic transition • Based on launch schedule and projected budget • US government led community-wide collaboration on this transition plan • US is committed to continually improving GPS services as users complete a timely transition to dual-coded civil GPS equipment

  13. FAA GPS Augmentation Programs

  14. Intelsat 133°W Telesat 107°W WAAS Architecture 38 Reference Stations 3 Master Stations 4 Ground Earth Stations 4F3 98° W (2+1) Geostationary Satellite Links 2 Operational Control Centers

  15. Global SBAS Coverage

  16. Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) • Precision Approach For CAT- I, II, III • Multiple Runway Coverage At An Airport • 3D RNP Procedures (RTA), CDAs • Navigation for Closely Spaced Parallels • Super Density Operations • LAAS is Expected to Achieve Category-III By 2013

  17. Agana, Guam LAAS/GBAS International Efforts Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Malaga, Spain Sydney, Australia Frankfurt, Germany Bremen, Germany

  18. Nationwide Differential GPS • Expansion of maritime differential GPS (DGPS) network to cover terrestrial United States • Built to international standard adopted in 50+ countries

  19. National Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) • Enables highly accurate, 3-D positioning • Centimeter-level precision • Tied to National Spatial Reference System • 1,200+ sites operated by 200+ public, private, academic organizations • NOAA’s Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) automatically processes coordinates submitted via the web from around the world • OPUS-RS (Rapid Static) declared operational in 2007 • NOAA considering support for real-time networks

  20. U.S. Space-based PNT Policy • GPS & Augmentation Programs Status • International Cooperation Activities 20

  21. U.S. Objectives in Working with Other GNSS Service Providers • Ensure compatibility –ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal • Radio frequency compatibility • Spectral separation between M-code and other signals • Achieve interoperability – ability of civil U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used together to provide the user better capabilities than would be achieved by relying solely on one service or signal • Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals • Ensure fair trade/open markets (non-discrimination) Pursue through Bilateral and Multilateral Cooperation

  22. Current International Signal Plans L1 L5 L2 GPS (US) Future CDMA signal GLONASS (Russia) Galileo (Europe) COMPASS (China) IRNSS/GINS (India) Note: GINS modulations TBD QZSS (Japan) SBAS (US, Europe India, Japan) Compass & IRNSS In S-band 22

  23. IRNSS GALILEO COMPASS QZSS GPS GLONASS The Goal of Civil GNSS Interoperability • Ideal interoperability allows navigation with one signal each from four or more systems with no additional receiver cost or complexity Interoperable = Better Together than Separate

  24. Bilateral Cooperation U.S.-EU GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement signed in 2004 Four working groups were set up under the agreement Improved new civil signal (MBOC) adopted in July 2007 First Plenary Meeting successfully held in October 2008 Planning for the next Plenary meeting to be held next Spring U.S.-Russia Joint Statement issued in Dec 2004 Negotiations for a U.S.-Russia Agreement on satellite navigation cooperation underway since late 2005 Working Groups on compatibility/interoperability, search and rescue 24

  25. Bilateral Cooperation (continued) U.S.-Japan Joint Statement on GPS Cooperation in 1998 Japan’s Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) designed to be fully compatible and highly interoperable with GPS Bilateral agreements to set up QZSS monitoring stations in Hawaii and Guam. Guam station completed! U.S.-India Joint Statement on GNSS Coop. in 2007 Technical Meetings focused on GPS-India Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) compatibility and interoperability held in 2008 and 2009 U.S.-China operator-to-operator coordination under ITU auspices Bilateral Meetings at Geneva, June 2007; Xian, China, May 2008; Geneva, October 2008 Next meeting scheduled for December 2009 25

  26. U.S. - Australia Cooperation • Long history of GPS cooperation between U.S. and Australia • U.S.-Australia Joint Delegation Statement on Cooperation in the Civil Use of GPS signed April 19, 2007 • Cooperation expands upon existing efforts to ensure interoperability between U.S. and Australian GPS augmentation systems • U.S. Coast Guard NAVCEN posts a daily Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) report in response to Australia’s concerns over planned GPS outages

  27. International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)‏ • Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space July 1999 • Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into infrastructures, particularly in developing countries • Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems • Members include: • GNSS Providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India, Japan) • Other Member States of the United Nations • International organizations/associations http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/SAP/gnss/icg.html

  28. Fourth Meeting of the ICGSt. Petersburg, Russia, September 2009 • Working Group on Compatibility and Interoperability will continue working on these important principles and their definition • Process of seeking users and manufacturers views on interoperability will continue – workshop held yesterday • Adopted new principle on transparency: Every provider should publish documentation that describes signal and system information, policies of provision and minimum levels of performance for its open services • Established Time and Geodesy Task Forces to pursue traceability to international standards, enhancing interoperability for the user • Agreed to support a proposal for a multi-GNSS Demonstration Project in the Asia/Oceania region Fifth Meeting of ICG will be jointly hosted by Italy and the European Union, October 18 – 22, 2010 in Turin, Italy

  29. APEC GIT Cooperation • The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum facilitates economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region for its 21 member economies • The APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT) has focused on air traffic control and aviation issues • The group has broadened its focus to the application of GNSS in all transportation sectors • Additional participation of GNSS government and industry experts at APEC GIT-13 at Singapore in July 2009; project proposal made on surface transportation • APEC GIT-14 meeting will be held in Seattle, Washington, June 21-24, 2010

  30. Summary • GPS is highly dependable and its performance continues to improve • U.S. Space-based PNT policy encourages worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations • Policy stability and transparency improve industry confidence and investment • The U.S. is actively engaged in bilateral, and multilateral GNSS cooperation • As new regional and global navigation satellite systems are emerging, interoperabilityis the key to “success for all”

  31. Contact Information David A. Turner Deputy Director Space and Advanced Technology U.S. Department of State OES/SAT, SA-23, Suite 410 Washington, D.C. 20520 202.663.2397 (office) 202.320.1972 (mobile) TurnerDA@state.gov http://www.state.gov/g/oes/sat/ http://pnt.gov/international/

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