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Concepts of Motion: Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration

Learn about the different types of motion, how to characterize motion using the particle model and motion diagrams, and understand concepts of displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Explore the relationship between position, velocity, and acceleration and learn how to calculate and interpret these quantities.

richardgmartinez
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Concepts of Motion: Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration

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  1. Concepts of Motion Readings: Chapter 1

  2. Displacement - vector Velocity - vector Acceleration – vector

  3. Different types of motion

  4. 4 sec 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec What is the difference between these motions? How can we characterize these motions?

  5. How can we characterize the motion? 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec The first step: PARTICLE MODEL – MOTION DIAGRAM We consider object as a single point without size or shape, disregard internal motion of the object.

  6. How can we characterize the motion? 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec Origin (x=0) 10 cm 20 cm 70 cm 40 cm x The second step: POSITION OF THE OBJECT (POINT) – COORDIANTE SYSTEM - DISPLACEMENT We introduce coordinate system: for motion along a line - only x (which means that y=0); for a motion in a plane – x and y.

  7. Different origins – different coordinates Physical meaning – displacement - 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec Origin (x=0) 10 cm 20 cm 70 cm 40 cm x Origin (x=0) -40 cm -30 cm -10 cm 20 cm x

  8. Displacement - initial position of the object If O is an origin then vector characterizes initial position of the object - final position of the object O (origin) Vector characterizes the final position of the object Vector is a displacement (final position minus initial position – does not depend on coordinate system) Standard notation for displacement is

  9. Displacement O (origin) Displacement does not depend on coordinate system

  10. Displacement Displacement is a vector, it does not depend on coordinate system

  11. How can we characterize the motion? The first step: PARTICLE MODEL – MOTION DIAGRAM The second step: POSITION OF THE OBJECT (POINT) – DISPLACEMENT The third step: (AVERAGE) VELOCITY 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec Average velocity is a vector: For a motion along the line – direction of velocity is along the line and the magnitude Origin (x=0) 10 cm 20 cm 70 cm 40 cm x

  12. AVERAGE VELOCITY The magnitude of velocity (vector) is called speed Example: We know initial position of the object (in some coordinate system) - We know the average velocity of the object during time Then: What is the final position of the object?

  13. How can we characterize the motion? The first step: PARTICLE MODEL – MOTION DIAGRAM The second step: POSITION OF THE OBJECT (POINT) – DISPLACEMENT The third step: (AVERAGE) VELOCITY The forth step: (AVERAGE) ACCELERATION Origin (x=0) 10 cm 20 cm 70 cm 40 cm x The change in position is characterized by average velocity, The change in velocity is characterized by average acceleration

  14. How can we characterize the motion? The first step: PARTICLE MODEL – MOTION DIAGRAM The second step: POSITION OF THE OBJECT (POINT) – DISPLACEMENT The third step: (AVERAGE) VELOCITY The forth step: (AVERAGE) ACCELERATION

  15. Acceleration is the change of velocity (speed can be the same)

  16. 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec Velocity is the same – zero acceleration

  17. Velocity is increasing –acceleration has the same direction as velocity 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec Velocity is decreasing –acceleration has the opposite direction 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec

  18. What is the difference between these motions? 4 sec 4 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec

  19. SI units Units of velocity: Basic Units: Time – seconds (s) Length – meters (m) Mass – kilogram (kg) Units of acceleration:

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