Optimizing Medication Administration: Dosage Forms and Routes for Patient Care

1. Chapter 8 The Right Dosage Form and the Right Route of Administration: Working With Accuracy

2. Medication Administered in Variety of Forms • To accommodate needs of patient • To facilitate delivery • To control rate of absorption

3. Solid Oral Dosage Forms Tablets • Compressed • Film coated • Enteric coated • Controlled release • Effervescent tablets

9. Solid Oral Dosage Forms (cont’d) • Buccal tablets • Sublingual tablets • Orally disintegrating tablets

11. Tablet Ingredients • Excipients • Diluent • Binders • Lubricant • Disintegrants

12. Solid Oral Dosage Forms • Capsules • Lozenges, troches and lollipops • Medicated chewing gum • Medicated thin strips

20. Other Solid Dosage Forms • Suppositories: rectal, vaginal, urethral • Powders, granules, and aerosols • Ointments Creams, pastes, and gels

25. Transdermal Patch

26. Liquid Dosage Forms Solutions • Aqueous • Viscous aqueous • Jellies • Mucilages • Non-aqueous • Alcoholic • Hydroalcoholic • Glycerite

27. Routes of Administration Oral • Advantages • Disadvantages

28. Sublingual and Buccal • Under the tongue • Pouch of cheek

29. Parenteral • Medications given by injection • Bypass gastrointestinal tract

30. Parenteral (cont’d) • Intravenous or IV • Intramuscular or IM • Subcutaneous (SQ) • Intradermal

33. Parenteral (cont’d) • Intraarticular administration • Intraarterial administration • Intracardiac injection • Intraperitoneal • Intrapleural

34. Implants Long-term or chronic conditions • Insulin pump • Birth control • Cancer chemotherapy

35. Topical Applications • Ointments • Creams • Gels and pastes • Solutions, lotions, and sprays

36. Topical Applications (cont’d) Concentration for therapeutic effect often difficult to determine • Several variables determine effect: • Drug used • Delivery vehicle • Occlusive dressing • Patient’s skin

37. Routes of Administration • Inhalation • Transdermal • Rectal and Vaginal • Ocular, Otic and Nasal • Throat sprays and gargles

38. Routes of Administration (cont’d) Inhalation • Aerosol inhalers for asthma • Powder inhalers • Others

39. Routes of Administration (cont’d) Transdermal • Percutaneous • Adhesive patch • Application, 1, 3, 7 days

40. Routes of Administration (cont’d) Vaginal • Suppositories • Creams • Douches • Jellies Rectal • Suppositories • Enemas • ProctoFoam

41. Routes of Administration (cont’d) Ocular, Otic, and Nasal • Solutions, suspensions ointments • Sterile

42. Routes of Administration (cont’d) Throat sprays and gargles • Antiseptics • Anesthetics • Deodorants

43. Drug Information Resources Must be familiar with: • Available books • Content and layout • Text contains comprehensive list

44. End of presentation