Storage and Handling Tips for Nanoparticles

1. Storage and Handling Tips for Nanoparticles CD Storage Nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanopowders must always be stored in closed and sealed containers, and in cool and well-ventilated areas. If possible, it is best to use a laboratory cabinet restricted for storing nanomaterials only. • All containers containing nanoparticles should be clearly identified (e.g., Gold Nanoparticles). If the nanoparticles are received in a plastic bag provided by the supplier, the bag should be placed in a second hard-sealed container. Nanoparticles and nanopowders should be stored away from acids, oxidants, and other metals. • Storage temperatures • Powders In solution Ambient Temperature Recommended in a dry place Acceptable for brief periods & during use Acceptable 15 °C Recommended Acceptable in a dry place 8 °C Recommended Recommended 2 °C Gold (spheres, nanoshells, rods, polystyrene) Silica shelled gold Silver (spheres, plates, cubes) Silica shelled silver Silica, aminated silica, mesoporous silica Dry powders Tel: 1-631-633-6938 Email: info@cd-bioparticles.com

2. Expected shelf life • Expected Shelf Life Silver (spheres) 2 months to over 1 year Silica shelled gold 6 months to over 1 year Silica shelled silver 6 months to over 1 year Silica, aminated silica Over 1 year In Solution Gold (spheres, nanoshells, rods) Over 1 year Silver (plates, cubes) Over 1 year Magnetite Over 1 year All dry Powders Over 2 years Light exposure Keep silver nanoparticles away from light exposure; other non-silver nanoparticles are okay to light exposure. However, please always follow specific storage requirements from products’ datasheet. • Storage buffers Creative Diagnostics provides various types of nanoparticles in different storage buffer or as dry powders. In addition, custom buffers are also available upon our clients’ requests. • Nanopaticles Storage Buffer Acetone, ddH2O, DI Water, DMSO, EDTA, Ethanol, HCl, HEPES-NaOH, Hexane, Isopropanol, Isopropyl Alcohol, methanol, PBS, Purified Water, Sodium Citrate, TE-Buffer, Tris Magnetic Particles Silica Nanoparticles Alcohol, DI Water, Ethanol, PBS, Tris, Water Acetone, Custom, DI Water, DMF, DMSO, Hexane, Isopropanol, MES, Methanol, NaHCO3 Buffer, PBS, SOBO, Sodium Borate, Sodium Citrate, Tris, Water Gold Nanoparticles Silver Nanoparticles DI Water, Ethanol, PBS, Sodium Citrate, Tris Borate, Chloroform, Custom, DI Water, Dichloromethane, Hexanes, Methanol, n-Hexane, PBS, Toluene, Tris-HCl, Water Quantum Dots Polymer Nanoparticles DI Water, DMSO, Ethanol, MES, Methanol, PBA, PBS, Water Upconverting Nanoparticles Custom, Cyclohexane, DI Water, PBS Titania Nanoparticles 1, 2-Propanediol, 2-Propanol, Ethylene Glycol, Hexane, Water, Xylene Graphene and Carbon Nanotube DI water, Toluene, Water Tel: 1-631-633-6938 Email: info@cd-bioparticles.com

3. Handling For nanoparticle colloids Shake each bottle before use. During storage, nanoparticles may settle to the bottom of the vial (especially nanoparticles with diameters> 30 nm). Before aliquoting or use, resuspend the precipitated nanoparticles by shaking the bottle vigorously until the solution is homogeneous. This usually requires a mixing time of about 30 seconds. Visually inspect the bottom of the container to ensure no remaining settled particles. • For nanoparticle powders It is recommended that the nanomaterials should be kept away from excessive moisture and humidity before they are ready for use or redispersed. Some nanopowders must be sealed under vacuum before use to limit exposure to air and moisture. • It is recommended to wear double gloves. • Table 1. Test results from mechanical deformations of gloves in the presence of nanoparticles Gold (5 nm) Gold (50 nm) Silver (50 nm) Nitrile (73 μm) Not recommended Fair Bad Nitrile (117 μm) Fair Fair Fair Nitrile (67 μm) Bad Bad Fair Latex (123 μm) Fair Fair Fair Neoprene (397 μm) Fair Fair Fair Do not open containers without proper isolation or airflow. • Make sure everyone in the laboratory is aware when you are working with nanoparticles. • Disposal There are currently no specific regulations or guidelines for the proper disposal of nanoparticles. Therefore, it is important to handle nanoparticles very carefully because they are considered toxic. Any waste containing nanoparticles or nanomaterials should not be disposed in regular waste or washed down the drain. Nanoparticles should be disposed in accordance with the chemical waste guidelines of your laboratory or institution. • All waste containers should be properly labeled to indicate that they contain nanoparticles and should be properly sealed once the container is full and ready to be discarded. • If nanoparticles are in solution, explore pre-treatment options. • Tel: 1-631-633-6938 Email: info@cd-bioparticles.com

4. Quality Control When stored in the recommended manner, most nanoparticles are stable from 6 months to more than 1 year. Be sure to visually inspect the material before each use. If there are any visible floating particles in the solution, if the color of the solution changes, or if the color intensity decreases, the nanoparticles may have aggregated. At this time, these materials should be analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, DLS, or TEM for quality verification. • Do not freeze. If the nanoparticles in the solution are frozen, the nanoparticles will irreversibly aggregate and the color of the solution may change. • For more information, view our website: www.cd-bioparticles.com Email: info@cd-bioparticles.com Tel: 1-631-633-6938 Fax: 1-631-938-8221 Address: 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA 5