Brain Hemispheres and Language Abilities

1. 1. Most of the information passing from one hemisphere to the other does so by passing through the __________. A) cerebellum B) inferior colliculus C) corpus callosum D) massa intermedia

2. 2. The specialization of function between the two hemispheres is known as __________. A) lateralization B) encephalization C) polarization D) somatization

3. 3. The left hemisphere of the human brain is connected to the retinas of the eyes in such a way that it sees the A) left visual field. B) right visual field. C) left visual field of the left eye and right visual field of the right eye. D) right visual field of the left eye and left visual field of the right eye.

4. 4. Severing the corpus callosum to treat severe epilepsy A) is preferable to the use of drugs, since there are fewer side effects. B) also produces severe intellectual and emotional impairments. C) was outlawed in 1968. D) has been more effective than was anticipated.

5. 5. In order for a split‑brain patient to name something, he or she must see it in the A) left eye. B) right eye. C) left visual field. D) right visual field.

6. 6. Which of the following self‑contradictions occurs in people who have had their corpus callosum cut? A) saying they are not hungry while eating. B) saying they do not know the answer while pointing it out with the left hand. C) being awake on one side of the body and asleep on the other. D) suddenly changing from one personality to another, complete with different names.

7. 7. For most people, which is true about language abilities in the right hemisphere? A) they exceed those of the left B) they are equal to those of the left C) they are present, but not as good as those of the left D) they are nonexistent

8. 8. Right‑hemisphere damage causes particularly great impairment on tasks that require people to A) imagine visual and spatial information. B) respond to weak visual stimuli, just above the threshold of detection. C) name the objects they see. D) coordinate movements of the right hand with objects seen in the right visual field.

9. 9. The notion of cognitive styles, where one person relies more on one hemisphere and another person relies more on the other, A) is clearly supported by brain research on hemispheric differences. B) is more likely to be true in right handed individuals. C) is usually not true until early adulthood. D) is based partially on sound scientific data, but is also based on an assumption that is probably false.

10. 10. Someone with Broca's aphasia is least likely to use which kind of word? A) prepositions and conjunctions B) adjectives and adverbs C) nouns D) verbs

11. 11. Someone suffering from Wernicke's aphasia has trouble in A) articulating speech. B) reading aloud. C) understanding speech. D) using prepositions and conjunctions

12. 12. What did Lashley mean by the term "engram"? A) a drug that facilitates learning B) the physical representation of learning C) a pathway between a sensory area of the brain and a motor area D) an automatic response to a sensory stimulus

13. 13. Following damage to the hippocampus and neighboring areas, the patient H.M. has had a severe impairment of A) remembering events from long before the operation. B) remembering and repeating something that just happened. C) forming new memories and recalling them later. D) learning new motor skills.

14. 14. Anterograde amnesia means __________; retrograde amnesia means __________. A) temporary loss of memory ... permanent loss of memory B) loss of short‑term memory ... loss of long‑term memory. C) inability to form new memories ... loss of memory for old events D) loss of memory for old events ... inability to form new memories

15. 15. One peculiarity of the memory of the neurological patient H.M. is that he • retains new skills but does not remember having learned them. B) forms new long‑term memories but not short‑term memories. C) thinks he remembers certain events but recalls the exact opposite of what really happened. D) remembers people's names but not which name goes with which person.

16. 16. What effect would you expect in an animal that had bilateral removal of the amygdala? A)Loss of implicit memory B)Loss of explicit memory C)Loss of emotional memory D)Loss of short term memory

17. 17. In the context of memory, the term consolidation refers to A) the conversion of short term to long‑term memory. B) rehearsl in short‑term memory. C) disruption of the formation of long‑term memory. D) disruption of the formation of short‑term memory.

18. 18. Korsakoff’s syndrome can result in severe memory deficits. Which of the following is the cause of Korsakoff’s syndrome?       A)  Alcohol consumption       B) Bad diet       C)  Aging D) Genetics

19. 19. Which of the following is true of the cortical analysis of music? A)More analysis of music occurs on the left hemisphere. B)More analysis of music occurs on the right hemisphere. C)Music is equally represented on both hemispheres. D)Broca’s area is critical for the analysis of music.

20. 20. Thorndike’s puzzle boxes are an early example of what kind of learning? A)Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning B)Avoidance conditioning C)Operant (Skinnerian) conditioning D)Hebbian conditioning

21. 21. The differences in the function of the two cerebral hemispheres is sometimes referred to as the study of • a. split brains. • b. commissurotomy. • c. the great cerebral commissure. • d. bilateral specialization. e. lateralization of function.

22. 22. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a. dementia. b. amyloid plaques. c. neural degeneration. d. neurofibrillary tangles. e. all of the above

23. 23. Amyloid is an abnormal protein found at autopsy in the brains of patients with a. Parkinson's disease. b. Korsakoff's syndrome. c. Alzheimer's disease. d. Huntington's disease.

24. 24. The discovery of the lateralization of aphasia and apraxia led to the a. concept of a dominant left hemisphere. b. concept of a dominant right hemisphere. c. development of commissurotomy. d. study of split-brain patients.

25. 25. Which of the following investigators, along with Sperry, played a major role in testing the original series of human split-brain subjects? a. Kimura b. Gazzaniga c. Milner d. Petersen

26. 26. Areas of the brain that interpret the meaning of a word are said to be performing a _____ analysis. a. phonological b. semantic c. grammatical d. phonemic

27. 27. Consolidation is a hypothetical process by which memories are transferred from a. mass action to equipotentiality. b. equipotentiality to mass action. c. a mode of short-term storage to a mode of long-term storage. d. the unconscious to the conscious. e. a mode of long-term storage to a mode of short-term storage.

28. 28. According to Hebb's influential 1949 theory, short-term memories are stored by a. reverberatory neural activity. b. the engram. c. mass action. d. synaptic facilitation.

29. 29. H.M.'s greatest postsurgical problem is his a. anterograde amnesia. b. retrograde amnesia. c. deficit in short-term memory. d. deficit on the digit-span test

30. 30.In a nutshell, H.M.'s main problem • seems to be that he a. has no long-term memories. b. can form no new long-term memories. c. can form no new explicit (declarative) long-term memories. d. has a devastating retrograde amnesia for remote events.