Answers to Worksheet 8.1

1. Answers to Worksheet 8.1 Page 50 ii) When the temperature beneath the Earth’s surface becomes too great, parts of the mantle melts, This molten mantle is known as magma. When magma pushes its way onto the Earth’s surface through cracks in the Earths’ crust, it is known as lava. The outpouring of the lava onto the surrounding areas is called an eruption. Overtime, many layers of cooled lava result in a volcano. 3a) Folding b) The pates which make up the Earth’s crust are always moving. When two plates collide into each other, some layers of rock which make up the crust buckle and fold to form folds. c) Fold mountains.

2. Answers to Worksheet 8.3 2a) In the foreground, we can see a van coverd with ash. The hot volcanic ask could damage the vehicles./ The air is clouded with ash and smoke. The poor visibility would make driving difficult for the motorists./ The ash and smoke could linder in the air for many months, causing some people to develop lung problems or eye irritations. b) Volcanic soils are infertile and suitable for growing crops. / Volcanoes are attractions to tourists. This provides employment to the people as the earn a lving by being tour guides. c) Emergency transport would be made available to help people flee the area in case of volcanic eruption. / A warning system could be set up and people can be warned and evacuated.

3. Answers to Self Test 2 Page 65 MCQ: • B • A • C • C • C 10. D

4. Answers to Self Test 2, Page 69 c) Volcanoes commonly occur at the plate boundaries because these boundaries represent areas of instability on the Earth./ Volcanoes A, B and C lie in the area around the Pacific Ocean because this area is where the impact of the plate movement is the greatest.