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The Components of the human diet

The Components of the human diet. By Demetra and Raphael. The main components :. Food Energy Fats/lipids Sodium Carbohydrates Fibres Proteins Vitamins Minerals They are also called Nutrients. A Nutrient It is a chemical substance found in food that is used by the body.

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The Components of the human diet

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  1. The Components of the human diet By Demetra and Raphael

  2. Themaincomponents: • Food Energy • Fats/lipids • Sodium • Carbohydrates • Fibres • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals Theyare also calledNutrients

  3. A NutrientItis a chemicalsubstancefound in foodthatisusedbythebody Essential Nutrimentscannotbeformedbythebody: • Water • Vitamins • Proteins (polymers of aminoacids) • Someunsaturatedfattyacids -> Proteins arepolymers of aminoacids • Someaminoacids • Some Minerals

  4. A NutrientItis a chemicalsubstancefound in foodthatisusedbythebody Non-essentialNutrientscanbereplacedorformedbythebody: • Carbohydrates / Sugars • Otherminerals • Saturatedfattyacids / fats • Otheraminoacids

  5. FattyAcids • Basic:

  6. EfficientEnergy Storers • TogetherwiththeCoenzyme A (CoA):

  7. Efficient Energy Storers • We also knowthatthe Plasma membrane of cellsismade of a phospholipidbilayer. Thereisanotheruse of fattyacids: Theyareusedforcholesterol, buildingthehydrophobicpart of thelayer, givingitstability. • Theyare also used as lipidhormones such as steroids

  8. Omega 3 Fats • The Omega numbertellsustheposition of the double bond of theunsaturatedfattyacid: • Omega 3: • A large intakecanpreventthebloodfromclotting, preventingheartattacks and strokes

  9. Cis and Trans: • Trans fatscanbedangeoussincethebodythinkstheyaresaturatedacids, butthenitdoesntknowwhat do do withthem

  10. Vitamins !! • Vitamins areorganiccompounds (made of C, O, H) • Vitamin C:

  11. The RDI • Itistherecommendeddailyintake of a nutrient and issetbygovernmenthealthbodies and theworldhealthorganisation • A lack of vitamin C in yourdietcanlead to paleskin, a slowscurvyhealingprocess and sunkeneyes

  12. Vitamin C • The RDI for Vitamin C is 40-60 ml per day, thisisexplainedbelow:

  13. Vitamin C • Excessivedoses of Vit C areusually just excretedbythebody, • However, An excessiveintake of vitamin C can „spoil“ thebody so itstartsgettingused to high levels of a nutrient, thebodyadaptsbymakingtheabsorbing of thenutrimentlessefficient

  14. Vitamin D • Itisproducedbytheskin • Palerskinproducesmorevitamin d thandarkerskin. Therefore, darkerskinnedpeopleneedmorevit d in theirdiet, especially in coldercountries • Palerskin has a higherrisk of developingskincancer, so in very hot countries, thesepoepleneed to eat extra vit do to preventthisrisk.

  15. Minerals • Minerals areionicelemantsthatarepositivelyornegativelycharged

  16. Minerals • Iodineisusedbythethyroidgland to producehormoneswhichareresponsibleformonitoringmetabolism and bodytemperature • Calcium is essential forcell physiology, wheremovement of thecalciumion Ca2+into and out of the cytoplasm functions as a signalformanycellularprocesses. As a major material used in mineralization of bones and shells, calciumisthemostabundant metal bymass in many animals.

  17. Dietaryfibre • Fibreitselfisnotabsorbedintotheblood and itisnotdigested • However, manyhigh-fibrefoods (includingvegetables) arepackedwithotherusefulnutrients • Itmainlyworksforthestomach, butit also helpsregulatingbloodsugar and canreducebloodcholesterolbyblockinguptake of lipids in thediet

  18. Phenylketonuria (PKU) • PKU is a genetic disease caused by a mutated gene on chromosome 12. • Normally, phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine by an enzyme, allowing normal brain development. • People with PKU cannot convert phenylalanine. When the body tries to get rid of the excess, toxins are produced which affect brain development. It can lead to severe mental problems and learning difficulties. • Roughly 1/18000 babies is born with the recessive gene. • Children with PKU should follow a special diet low in protein to avoid excessive phenylalanine.

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