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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene DFID Flood response, 2010 - 2011

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene DFID Flood response, 2010 - 2011.

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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene DFID Flood response, 2010 - 2011

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  1. Water, Sanitation and HygieneDFID Flood response, 2010 - 2011

  2. Basic pit latrine, about 5 foot deep. Note brick and mud mortar base for the slab to site on to prevent movement. The super-structure (above ground) bit here made of local thatch and round-wood. Cheap and low environmental impact. Cost per unit: £60 Implemented by LHDP, Oxfam’s local partner in Thatta, Sindh

  3. The traditional sanitation solution: “Open defecation”. This bush on right on edge of village is where women and kids would usually come to squat. Faeces would be cleaned away. Men would go out a bit further. In both cases privacy is compromised and hygiene low. Shifting from this practice, however, can take time. New latrine in background.

  4. Latrine block: bricks and cement mortar. Flood resistant. Septic tank installed behind. Very durable and accepted by community who preferred this approach. NGO: Root Works (local partner of Concern International) Cost per unit: 25,000 Rps (£185)

  5. Another “advanced” latrine block. Likely to survive another flood – though the mortar between bricks is mud – not cement based – so far less durable. More expensive than a pit latrine? Yes, but, it will last longer, won’t pollute the local ground water so much and serves multiple households.

  6. View from the back of the same “pour flush” latrine block. The pit shown here will be lined with bricks and concrete to prevent seepage into the ground where there is a high water table. An overflow pipe will allow excess fluids out into a separate drainage soak away. A rather complex system in a village made of earth/mud brick houses. Before the floods this village had no latrine at all. The question to ask here is why go from nothing to such an advanced and expensive system? Cost: £450 / unit

  7. Typical latrine model built by humanitarian organisations in camps for displaced people or refugees. Cheap plastic won’t last long. Milled timber for structure expensive and probable high environmental impact. Note ceramic slab on left, plastic on right. Cost around £32/unit.

  8. A good example of how NOT to do latrines in communities. Agency not named, and it was not UNICEF despite their plastic being used. Why bad? a) plastic will corrode in the sun within months, b) in middle of village, not appropriate – no privacy, should be located near some houses, more discreetly. Local thatch or mud materials for walls would be better. Cost per unit around £35

  9. Laundry pad with soak away into gravel pit (in background). Supposedly to enhance hygiene and reduce workload for women. Cost £200 / unit. Is this a priority ? Can this kind of expense be justified when people need houses first? Laundry pad, recently built by OXFAM/ LHDP.

  10. Another laundry pad, this time by Rootworks (partner of Concern). Smaller (so less expensive) and with seating which is a nice addition. Clearly well used. Cost : £81 / unit

  11. Hand pump with concrete “apron” which captures residual water. In this case it is captured in a pipe which ends up in an animal water trough – shown in the background. This is a clever use of waste water from wells, which can otherwise stay in muddy puddles around the pump. Cost for pump, borehole and water trough: £266

  12. Another excellent use of residual water from a local water pump in Punjab, restored by the local community. Here the water is directed to a small vegetable garden for irrigation at any time. (However without shade cover and mulch over soil, evaporation will exceed 80%)

  13. Local hand-pump without concrete “apron”. Potential here for contamination of the well and a muddy mess around the well which can also be a possible mosquito hatching zone.

  14. Hand-pump construction by Oxfam and SAFCO in Thatta, Sindh. Community involvement is critical for site selection, maintenance and design of apron (and use of residual water around pump). Note quality of the bore hole lining pipe used: quality steel instead of cheap plastic. Cost: £137 / installed handpump.

  15. Hygiene promotion is about engaging the imagination of people, children in particular in ways of preventing disease through better hygiene practices. Oxfam are particularly good in this field – working through local organisations who adopt local music and culture to get the messages across.

  16. The hand washing song: every finger gets a scrub! another hygiene promotion session with a splash of creativity.

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