EECE 2413 Lab for Electronics Lab 1, Op Amplifiers, Part 1 & 2

1. EECE 2413 Lab for ElectronicsLab 1, Op Amplifiers, Part 1 & 2 Assignments: Due today (in class): Prelab 1 Due in next week (in class): Lab Report 1

2. Class-related information • Teaching Assistants (prelabs, lab reports) • Ruofan Zang, zang.r@husky.neu.edu, Office hrs: Mondays 6:00 pm – 8:00 pm,  Hayden 009 Lab C • Andac Demir, demir.a@husky.neu.edu, Office hrs: will be informed later • Assignments: • Due today, at beginning of lab: Prelab • Due next week, at beginning of lab: Lab Report • Read through the documents on Blackboard • NEU Writing Center http://www.northeastern.edu/english/writing-center/ • Lab equipment: • Printer is HARPRT12. \\bos4013.nunet.neu.edu\HAPRT12 • Use MATLAB on the desktop: C: Program Files>MATLAB>R2014A>Work>ECE2413. The computer on the left is the only one connected to the bench instrumentation. • Resistor color codes are on top of parts box. • Lab safety: NO FOOD or BEVERAGES IN THE LAB!

3. Grading – Overall course grade • Course grade • Prelabs: 25% (there are 5 prelabs, each is worth 5% of the course grade) • Lab reports: 65% (there are 5 lab reports, each is worth 13% of the course grade) • Lab notebook: 10% (signed after each class, and turned in at the last lab of the semester) • Grades will be posted on Blackboard • Ruofan and Andac will take turns grading the Prelabs and Lab Reports • If you feel that there is an error in grading, you must contact us within 1 week after we hand it back to you and attach a note explaining why the grading is incorrect. • We do take attendance. We do have a seating chart. Do not change your lab partner. • If you will miss a lab due to a valid reason (illness, job interview, and so on), you must: • Email both TAs at least 24 hours before start of lab; • Provide documentation; • cc your EECE 2412 professor on the email; • Email your lab partner to let him or her know of your absence. • If you will be late for class, please call or email your lab partner and email bothTAs.

4. Grading – Lab notebook (10% of course grade), Prelabs (25% of course grade) Lab Notebook • Must be dedicated to this class only. Lab notebook will be turned at the last lab. • You must have your lab notebook at every lab. • Hardbound notebook is preferred. Spiral-bound is accepted. No loose-leaf notebooks. • At the end of every lab: • You and one of the TAs sign and date your notebook • After the TA signs your notebook, clean off your protoboard: Put ICs, capacitors, LEDs, etc. back into the parts box; Throw away wires, resistors. Prelabs • Suggestion: Make a copy of the prelab to keep with you during the lab. • Prelabs are due at the beginning of the class 1)10 points deducted if turned in during or at the end of class. 2)Accepts prelabsup to 3 days late but 25 points will be deducted.

5. Grading – Lab reports (65% of course grade) • Lab reports are due at beginning of next class (hard copy) • 10 points deducted if turned in during or at the end of class. • Accepts reports late, but 10 points per day late will be deducted. • If you don not show up in the 2nd part of the lab, 10 points will be deducted from the lab report grade. • Lab reports grade (Total 100 pts.) • Cover page (an example is attached on page 7 of Syllabus → 2 pts. • Introduction (a brief description of the purpose and goals of the lab) → 10 pts. • Results → 39 pts. • Experimental Methods (including circuit diagrams) → (9 pts.) • Tabulated Results → (15 pts.) • Calculations→ (15 pts.) • Analysis→ 39 pts. • Answers to questions posed in the lab manual → (each question: 30 pts./number of questions) • Appropriate analysis of your results and their validity → (9 pts.) • Conclusions → 10 pts.

6. Tips for writing lab reports • Read pages 4 through 7 of the Report Format for details on how to write the lab report. • Include diagrams of the circuits. (It’s ok to copy and paste the figures from the lab manual, or to neatly draw the figures by hand.) • Tabulate data whenever it’s appropriate to do so. For example: • Number and type a title for all figures and tables. For example: Figure 1. Microphone circuit. • Type a title for all graphs, and give labels and units for X-axis and Y-axis. • Use font size 11 or 12. • It’s ok to single space within paragraphs and double space between paragraphs and sections. • Remember to answer all the questions. • Two-sided printing is not acceptable.

7. In this course, lab reports must follow this basic format: • Cover Page • Introduction • Concept 1 (Each concepts has two separate sections: “Results” and “Analysis”) a. Results Experimental Methods (including circuit diagrams) Tabulated Results Calculations b. Analysis Answers to questions posed in the lab manual (questions are usually in BOLD type) Appropriate analysis of your results and their validity • Concept 2 a. Results Experimental Methods (including circuit diagrams) Tabulated Results Calculations b. Analysis Answers to questions posed in the lab manual (questions are usually in BOLD type) Appropriate analysis of your results and their validity • Conclusions

8. Structure of the labs: • 5 labs, each lasts two weeks; • 1st week: Part A is learning about the concepts, reinforcing what you’ve learned in EECE 2412 class. • 2nd week: Part B is designing a circuit, using the concepts you’ve learned in Part A. • Make sure you answer all the questions in your lab notebook. • You need to demonstrate your circuit to us. • You sign and date your notebook. • We sign and date your notebook. • At end of the lab, you need to remove the components off the boards before turning them in, make sure we have signed your notebook before you remove the components!

9. Lab 1, Operational AmplifiersToday complete parts 1 & 2 (through middle of page 13) R1 = 10k and R2 =100k Function Generator 2 6 3 1) Inverting Amplifier 2) Av= Vout/Vin = - R2/R1

10. Wiring the protoboard

11. Concept 1: Phase shift DT • Is it inverting? • Is it the correct gain? • Measure Vin • Measure Vout • Calculate Av • Measure time lag DT using cursors • Calculate the phase shift • 360o * (DT/T) where T = 1/f • Phase shift = 180o (inverting amplifier) + Xo (due to propagation delay)

12. Concept 2: Clipping No clipping Clipping

13. Concept 2: Why does the output signal clip? When Vin is too large (too positive). Vout, max = Vcc– Vce,sat_13 – Vbe_14 = Vcc- 0.9 When Vin is too small (too negative). Vout, min = -Vcc+ Vce,sat_17 + Veb_18 + Veb_20 = - Vcc+ 1.6 Vcc current -Vcc

14. Concept 2: Clipping • Increase Vin until top of Voutclips • Measure from Ground to Vout, max • Increase Vin until bottom of Voutclips • Measure from Ground to Vout, min • For more information: Hambley, page 89, “Output voltage swing” Hambley, page 90, “Output current limits” Hambley, Section 2.7, “Large signal operation” Vout, max Ground Vout, min

15. Concept 2: Data sheet is from page 18 of lab manual

16. Concept 3: Slew rate Vin = 1.5 Vpk-pk and frequency = 8 kHz Example: frequency = 25 kHz

17. Concept 3: Why slew rate limitation? (Schematic is from page 19 of lab manual)

18. Concept 3: Slew rate • Increase frequency until Voutis triangular • Slew rate = |dVo/dt| <= SR • |dVo/dt| is the slope of this line • How do you find the slope of a line? • For more information: Hambley, page 92, “Slew rate limitation” Hambley, Section 2.7, “Large signal operation”

19. Concept 3: Slew rate • MATLAB • Computer on the LEFT is connected to the bench instruments • C: Program Files > MATLAB> R2014A>Work>ECE2413 [scope] = setup_scope output = slewrateecho(50, 2, scope) time = output(:, 1); signal = output(:, 2); plot(time,signal) • Printer is HARPRT12. \\bos4013.nunet.neu.edu\HAPRT12 • Each team member needs a printout of the plot for lab report

20. Concept 3: Data sheet is from page 18 of lab manual