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PHL. 322

PHL. 322 . Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir. I- CNS Stimulants Drugs. Nervous System. The nervous system can be classified into The Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS ( The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord.

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PHL. 322

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  1. PHL. 322 Presented by Dr. Khairy M A Zoheir

  2. I- CNS Stimulants Drugs

  3. Nervous System • The nervous system can be classified into • The Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and spinal cord • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS(The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord

  4. Peripheral Nervous System PNS Can be divided into- 1- Sensory division(affrent) Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS and Informs the CNS of the state of the body 2- Motor division(effrent) Conducts impulses from CNS to effectors organs.

  5. Motor Neurons • The motor division is also divided into • 1- The somatic nervous system : • VOLUNTARY (generally) Somatic nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles • 2. The autonomic nervous system: INVOLUNTARY (generally) Conducts impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

  6. Neurons • They are the basic functional unit of the nervous system. • They contain three major parts: • 1.cell body. • 2. dendrites. • 3. axon.

  7. Structure

  8. Neurotransmitters CNS • They can be classified into : • 1. Exitatory: • - Ach, glutamate, aspartate , serotonin and NE. • 2. Inhibitory:- • - GABA , glycin .

  9. CNS Stimulants • Defination “Stimulants are a substance which tends to increase behavioral activity when administered”

  10. Signs and symptoms: • 1- Elevate Mood • 2- Increase Motor Activity • 3- Increase Alertness • 4- Decrease need for Sleep • In case of overdose lead to convulsion and death.

  11. MOA of CNS Stimulants • 1- Block neurotransmitters reuptake (Most reuptake inhibitors affect either NE or 5-HT(Serotonin) : Cocaine • 2- Promote neurotransmitters release : Amphetamine • 3- Block Metabolism - MAO inhibitors (monoamine oxidase):ex. Phenelzine • 4. antagonize the effect of inhibitory neurotransmitter: Picrotoxin & Strychnine

  12. Neuronal Synapse

  13. Neuronal Synapse

  14. CNS Stimulants • - They can be divided based on their site of action: • 1.Cerebral stimulants (amphetamines) • 2.Medullary stimulants (picrotoxin) • 3.Spinal stimulants (strychnine)

  15. Lab Work • - Objectives: • 1- To demonstrate effects of some CNS stimulant on mice. • 2- After the lab, you should able to handle and inject the mice correctly. • 3- You should able to differentiate between amphetamine,picrotoxin and strychinine regarding the symptoms that induced by each of them.

  16. 1- Amphetamine • MOAs : • Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. - Clinical use: • 1. Narcolepsy. • 2. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

  17. Amphetamine • Adverse effects: • - Cardiovascular: Hypertension (7% to 22%, pediatric ) • - Endocrine metabolic: Weight loss (4% to 9%, pediatric; 11%, adults ) • - Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (11% to 14%, pediatrics ), Loss of appetite (22% to 36%), Xerostomia (35% ) • - Neurologic: Headache (26% ), Insomnia ارق (12% to 17%, pediatric; 27%, adults ) • - Psychiatric: Feeling nervous (6% )

  18. Amphetamine • After injecting, the mice with amphetamine you well notice:- Hair erection • - Licking, gnawing. • - Stereotype • - Sniffing

  19. Picrotoxin • MOA: • Non-competitive antagonist of GABA receptors. • After injecting the mice with picrotoxin you wellnotice:- Clonic convulsion characterized by : • 1. Asymmetric • 2. Intermittent • 3. Spontaneous • 4. Coordinated

  20. Strychinine • MOA: • Competitive antagonist of the glycin receptors. • After injecting the mice with Strychinine you well • notice:- Tonic convulsion characterizedby : • 1. Symmetric • 2. Reflex in origin • 3. Continuous • 4. Uncoordinated.

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