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Periodic Trends

Periodic Trends. Catalyst (3 min). What are the following elements and what family are they in? 1s 2 2s 1 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6. You Do: Complete Quiz 2 Alignment guide ( 5 min). Step 1: Mark the incorrect answers on your answer sheet.

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Periodic Trends

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  1. Periodic Trends

  2. Catalyst (3 min) • What are the following elements and what family are they in? • 1s22s1 • 1s22s22p5 • 1s22s22p63s2 • 1s22s22p63s23p6

  3. You Do: Complete Quiz 2 Alignment guide (5 min) • Step 1: Mark the incorrect answers on your answer sheet. • Step 2: Fill in the number correct on your alignment guide in the “Score” column. • Step 3: Calculate the percent correct for each set of questions. Write this in the “Mastery” column. • Step 4: Answer the Questions below the table.

  4. You Do: Complete Quiz 1 Alignment guide (5 min)

  5. Announcements • Homework: Quiz two study guide, due day of quiz • Office hours Wednesday and Friday • Test corrections any time during office hours • Unit 2 exam and quiz schedule:

  6. Objective • SWBAT determine the periodic trends per group and period of main elements • SWBAT relate the reactivity of elements to their electron structure

  7. Ionization Energy • Ionization energy is the energy needed to steal an electron away from an atom. • When an electron is removed the atom becomes a positive ion. • LOW Ionization energy = VERY Reactive!!

  8. Trends in Ionization Energy • Ionization energy increases from left to right across a period. • # of protons increases, positive nucleus pulls the electrons closer, harder to pull one electron off. • Ionization energy decreases down a group • electrons are farther from the nucleus, easier to pull one electron off

  9. Ionization Energy TRENDS

  10. Example: Ionization Energy QUESTION • Which element has the lowest ionization energy? • Lithium • Sodium • Cesium • Rubidium

  11. GUIDED Example: Ionization ENERGY Example 1 Example 2 Which element has the highestionization energy? Magnesium Barium Radon Strontium • Which element has the lowest ionization energy? • Gallium • Germanium • Arsenic • Bromine

  12. Electronegativity • Electronegativity is the interest of atoms in attracting or keeping electrons. • An atom that is electronegative is an electron thief.

  13. Periodic Trends in Electronegativity • Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period. • # of protons increases, nucleus pulls the electrons closer, easier to attract an electron • Electronegativity decreases down a group. • electrons are farther from the nucleus, harder to attract an electron

  14. ELeCTRONEGATIVITY

  15. Example: ELECTRONEGATIVITY QUESTION • Which element has the highest electronegativity? • Silicon • Aluminum • Sulfur • Phosphorous

  16. GUIDED Example: Electronegativity Example 1 Example 2 Which element has the highestelectronegativity? Magnesium Barium Radon Strontium • Which element has the lowest electronegativity? • Gallium • Germanium • Arsenic • Bromine

  17. Atomic Radius • Atomic radius is how wide an atom is • The radius of an atom is directly related to its size. • Bigger radius=Biggeratom

  18. Atomic radii = a measure of the size of an atom  Radius 

  19. ExampLE: ATOMIC RADIUS QUESTION METHOD Question Asking? Atomic Radius Horizontal or VerticalTrend?Vertical “Biggest” or “Smallest”? Biggest Direction of Arrow? Small to Big Answer ? • Which element has the largest atomic radius? • Boron • Gallium • Titanium • Indium

  20. GUIDED Examples: Atomic Radius Example 1 Example 2 Which element has the largest atomic radius? Silicon (Si) Lead (Pb) Carbon (C) Germanium (Ge) • Which element has the smallest atomic radius? • Krypton (Kr) • Germanium (Ge) • Calcium (Ca) • Arsenic (As)

  21. Periodic Trends Summary Table

  22. We Do: Periodic Trends Table (15 min) • Write the definitions for each trend • Use the chart to write the # value for each trend on the table • When finished, look at the numbers and write whether the trend is increasing or decreasing

  23. They do: periodic trends war game (20 min) • Pick a partner and grab a bag of cards • Place a card down, the one with the greater value for the trend wins both cards • Repeat until one player has all the cards • If you put down the same card, play ‘war’

  24. You do: book practice problems (20 min) • Complete the following book problems to turn in at the end of class: • p.182 #18, 22, 24, 25 • p. 186 #38, 41, 45, 48

  25. homework • Which has the largest atomic radius: nitrogen (N), antimony (Sb), or arsenic (As)? The smallest? • For each of the following properties, indicate whether fluorine or bromine has a larger value. • Electronegativity • Atomic radius • Ionization energy • Atomic number • Which element in each pair has the larger ionization energy? • Li, N • Kr, Ne • Cs, Li

  26. closing • How does the organization of elements on the periodic trend reflect the electron structure of each element? • How does the electron structure of an element determine physical and chemical properties of that element?

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