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Study Tour to Italy Presentation #1 A Focus on Florence & Michelangelo

Study Tour to Italy Presentation #1 A Focus on Florence & Michelangelo. We will be sightseeing in Florence all day Saturday June 25 We will spend four nights in Florence (taking day trips on the other days).

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Study Tour to Italy Presentation #1 A Focus on Florence & Michelangelo

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  1. Study Tour to Italy Presentation #1 A Focus on Florence & Michelangelo We will be sightseeing in Florence all day Saturday June 25 We will spend four nights in Florence (taking day trips on the other days)

  2. FlorenceHeart of the Early Renaissancecathedral begun 1296completed 1436 with dome by Brunelleschi

  3. Italy after 1000 city-states free themselves from nobilityEstablish as free republics or communesNew rich middle class Tuscany—region in central Italy Where Renaissance began to emerge

  4. BRUNELLESCHI, Sacrifice of Isaac, competition panel for east doors, baptistery of Florence Cathedral, Florence, Italy, 1401–1402. Florence Bapistery Has three sets of Bronze doors from the early Renaissance

  5. Ghiberti (winner) BRUNELLESCHI

  6. LORENZO GHIBERTI, east doors (“Gates of Paradise”), baptistery, Florence Cathedral, Florence, Italy, 1425–1452.

  7. After loosing the competition, Brunelleschi went to Rome with Donatello to study classical art & architectureBecame famous architect—put the dome on the Florence CathedralSaid to have invented the system of linear perspective Brunelleschi’s “peepshow”

  8. ANCIENT ROMEPantheon, Rome, Italy, 118 – 125 CE Marcus Aurelius, Rome, Italy, ca. 175 CE

  9. all’ anticaBrunelleschi, Pazzi Chapel, c. 1440 The Pantheon, Rome

  10. ALL’ ANTICAMarcus Aurelius DONATELLO, Gattamelata , Padua, ca. 1445–1450

  11. 1450s-60s—for the Medici Family Both in the Bargello Museum (we probably won’t see) 1408-09---For the Cathedral/City: “To those who fight bravely for the fatherland the gods lend aid even against the most terrible foes”

  12. Donatello’s David originally stood in the courtyard of the Medici Palace in Florence

  13. The Medici were not noble, but wealthy bankersTheir wealth began with the textile industry & the wool guild MICHELOZZO DI BARTOLOMMEO, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence, begun 1445

  14. The Medici would rise to great power, eventually becoming royalty through marriage alliancesIn 1547 the family became hereditary Dukes of Florence two Medici Queens of France:Catherine de’ Medici (regent, 1547-1559)Marie de’ Medici (regent, 1600-1610)the Medici “coat of arms”Four popes: Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV, Leo XIthe first three were patrons of Michelangelo (Leo XI after his death)

  15. Under the leadership of Cosimode’Medici beginning in 1434, the Medici became the unofficial governors of the Republic of Florence * built the Medici palace* patron of Fra Angelico& FraFilippo Lippi* patron of Donatello* patron of Brunelleschi & the completion of the Duomo Cosimo the Elder, Patron of Art Cosimo’s son Piero “the Gouty” only stayed in power for five years and had little interest in art …but Cosimo’s grandson Lorenzo “the Magnificent” was one of the greatest patrons of the Renaissance

  16. Lorenzo de' Medici (1449-92) • Continued to rule Florence unofficially • Maintained a fragile peace among Italian city states • Great patron of the arts Painted terracotta, probably after a model by Andrea del Verrocchio and Orsino Benintendi

  17. Botticelli, Primavera, c. 1482probably for the marriage of Lorenzo diPierfrancescode’Medici

  18. KEY WORK!SANDRO BOTTICELLI, Birth of Venus, ca. 1482. Tempera on canvas, approx. 5’ 8” x 9’ 1”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

  19. Hellenistic Period, Venus de Medici, 4th century BCE(R) Botticelli, The Birth of Venus, 1484-86

  20. Portrait of a much older Michelangelo—he wore a turban while sculpting to protect his hair IN 1492 the teenage Michelangelo joined the Medici Household GiulianoBugiardini (?), Portrait of Michelangelo, 16th century

  21. Giovanni Mannozzi, Lorenzo de' Medici surrounded by artists, admiring Michelangelo's 'Faun,' 17th century fresco IN 1492 the teenage Michelangelo joined the Medici Household Lorenzo de’Medici supposedly first noticed Michelangelo when he was carving the head of a faun in the Medici sculpture garden. He subsequently invited M to live in the Medici Palace, where he was treated “like a son.”

  22. Michelangelo born March 6, 1475 The Buonarroti family were part of the patrician upper class of Florence. Born in “the Shadow of the Dome”--in Caprese (90 miles east of Florence)his father LodovicoBuonarroti was the resident governor (6 month appointment).

  23. Family then returned to its home in Settignano, just outside Florencerelatively poor town –many stone carversBuonorroti house still survives—it was the second largest property in the townwetnurse—family of stone-carvers story

  24. The family also purchased a home in the citynow the Casa Buonaroti, a museumMichelangelo’s mother died in 1481 when he was six years old With each large payment for his art, Michelangelo would purchase additional pieces of property in and around Florence. A safe and lucrative investment.

  25. c. 1485 age 10--attends grammar school of the humanist Francesco diUrbino. Father remarries.Studiahumanitatis: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, moral philosophy (Latin & Greek)Michelangelo had only two years of such education at the most.

  26. By 1487 Michelangelo is documented in workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio. Remains there until c. 1490. Age 12-15 Supposed self-portrait of Ghirlandaio, from Adoration of the Magi, 1488 How did Michelangelo get such a great job? Family connections to Medici?

  27. Domenico Ghirlandaioleading Florentine painter noted for frescoMichelangelo seems to have not been an ordinary apprenticeThe Sassetti Chapel, Santa Trinita, Florence, c. 1480Stories of St. Francis

  28. Michelangelo’s first known paintingc. 1487-1488purchased in 2008 for 2 million as “Workshop of Ghirlandaio”Cleaned & reattributed to Michelangelo at Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2009 & purchased by the Kimbell Art Museum for 6 million

  29. 1490 -1492Two of the happiest years of his lifemember of the Medici household under Lorenzo de’ Mediciage 15-17 years Courtyard, Palazzo Medici, Florence

  30. The humanist philosophers of Lorenzo’s courtprovided Michelangelo access to the greatest minds of his age Domenico Ghirlandaio, MarsilioFicino, CristoforoLandino, Angelo Poliziano, Gentile de’ Becchi, 1485-90

  31. Michelangelo was educated alongside two Medici princesOne was the future Pope Leo X and one was the future Clement VIIthe Medici provided Michelangelo with over 50 years of patronage Raphael, Portrait of Pope Leo X and Two Cardinals, 1518 On left: Guilio de’ Medici (Clement VII)

  32. Lorenzo de’ Medici died in 1492 Michelangelo returned to his father’s house Began working on a life-size Hercules (lost) Death mask of Lorenzo de’ Medici

  33. 1490s Florence in upheavalDominican friar SavonarolaDenounced humanism & the Medici (fled 1494)repent sins--“bonfire of the vanities”

  34. Botticelli became a follower of Savonarolaalmost completely stopped painting Botticelli, Mystical Nativity, c. 1500

  35. In late autumn of 1494 King Charles VIII crossed the Alps with an army of 25,000, throwing Italy into political chaos. Beginning of Italian War 1494-98Out of fear, the Florentines expelled the Medici and established a republic Savonarola welcomed the “purification” of the French—this contributed to his downfall to come French army enters Florence, 1494

  36. In 1496 Michelangelo journeyed to Rome for the first time A neglected, derelict city Much of Rome dishabitato In contrast Florence wealthy, thriving Walls of Leo IV, c. 1000 still surrounding St. Peters Map of Rome, 1472

  37. Jacopo Galli secures a major commission for MichelangeloFrench Cardinal & ambassador for Charles VIII Jean de Bilheresmonument for his tomb in Santa Petronilla (Chapel of the French kings)an ancient rotunda attached to Old Saint Peter’s (now destroyed)

  38. Pietatraditionally a northern subject (Cardinal from France)Virgin with the Dead Christ, from Germany, ca. 1300–1325.

  39. In August 1498 the block of marble arrived in Rome—contract then signedJacopo Galli promised that the work would be“the most beautiful marble statue in Rome, one no living artist could better” Michelangelo Buonarroti, Pieta, 1498-99

  40. Beautiful & idealizedChrist appears sleeping, not deadMary appears youngtimelesshighly polished and finished

  41. Execution of Savonarola, Florence, 1498

  42. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI, David, 1501–1504. Marble, 13’ 5” high. Florence. “David with his sling and I with my bow” – Michelangelo.”

  43. “It is necessary to keep one's compass in one's eyes and not in the hand, for the hands execute, but the eye judges.”

  44. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI, Bound Slave, 1513–1516. Marble, approx. 6’ 10 1/2” high. Louvre, Paris. “I saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free.”

  45. Raphael, Portrait of Julius II, 1511-12“the Warrior Pope” r. 1503-13most important patron of the High Renaissance Demolishes old St Peter’s—begins rebuilding Michelangelo to design his tomb Michelangelo to fresco Sistine ceiling

  46. Michelangelo, ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, fresco, Vatican, Rome, 1508-1512 Last Judgment, 1537-41

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