Aortic Aneurysm

1. IN THE NAME OF GOD Aortic Aneurysm Dr.mehdi hadadzadeh Cardiovascular surgeon

2. Aortic Aneurysm Definition Permanent focal dilatation of artery greater than 1.5 times its NL diameter

3. Classification • Location • Wall • shape

4. location • abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). • thoracic aneurysms (TA). • thoracoabdominal aneurysms (TAA).

5. Wall:false or true • blood vessel has 3 layers: the intima ,media and adventitia • The wall of a true aneurysm involves all 3 layers • The wall of a false or pseudoaneurysm only involves the outer layer

6. shape • saccular • fusiform

8. 29PATHOPHYSIOLOGY • Most of the elasticity and tensile strength of the aorta isderived from its medial layer • consists of approximately45 to 55 lamellar units of elastin, collagen, smooth musclecells, and ground substance • elastincontent diminishesas one proceeds distally into the descending thoracic and abdominalaorta • Most aortic aneurysms occur in the infrarenal segment (95%).

9. The aortic wall is a biologically active environment

10. tension = pressure x radius • Larger aneurysms have a greaterrisk of rupture. • Larger aneurysms have an increased growth rates (0/08-0/5cm/year)

11. Frequency • prevalence : 3-4% in individuals older than 65 years. • Begin at approximately age 50years and reaches peak incidence at 80 years • Men affected 4x more • Rupture of an AAA usually is a lethal event , carrying an overall mortality rate of 80-90%

12. Etiology • Degenerative (arteriosclerotic)(Cystic medial degeneration ) • previous aortic dissection • connective-tissue disease (marfan, Ehler- Danlos Type IV) • Imflamatory (Autoimmune) • Traumatic • Congenital:15% of first-degree relatives of patients

13. Aortic dissection

14. Mycotic aneurysm • fewer than 5% of cases • hematogenous origin • Sacular • Most commonly cause:S.aureus and S.epidermidis

15. Symptoms & Sign Mass. Displacement of adjucent structure Compression of adjucent structure: esophagus,trachea,SVC,nerve,renal,…. Erosion of adjucent structure Rupture Distal embolism

17. Physical examination • blood pressures • Cervical bruits • Abdominal palpation • Abdominal bruits and trill • peripheral pulses

18. Diagnosis: History & PE X.ray Sonography Color duplex scanning C T MRI Angiography

20. Diagnostic pathways • Ultrasound is an excellent screening tool to identify with an AAA in unstable patient, but is less reliable for detection of vascular rupture . sensitivity and specificity approaching 100% and 96% • CT is accurate for both detection of an AAA and identifying leak or rupture. CT is more useful in evaluation of symptomatic but stable patients • Angiography . Represent another option for evaluation of patient with symptomatic AAA. Its primary function is for consulting surgeons who may obtain anatomic information that will aid in the surgical plan. • MRI offers the advantages better than CT for defining three-dimensional views of the aorta and surrounding vascular structures, but limited to patients with metalic foreign object( I,e. pacemakers, surgical clips.

27. Treatment: Conservative manangment - Drugs:B-Blockers / Indomethasin - Monitor growth - maintain BP - Frequent CT Scans Intervension: - Intraluminal stent - Surgery

29. Indications for surgery • Aortic size: Patients with AAAs > 5cm • Rate of dilatation exceeds 1cm/y • Symptomatic aneurysm • Traumatic aortic rupture • Mycotic aneurysm

30. Contraindications for surgery • severe COPD • severe cardiac disease • active infection • medical problems that preclude operative intervention: advanced cancer, end-stage lung disease ,elderly patient (>80 y) with significant comorbidities

34. A B

37. Thanks for your attention