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CHILD & FAMILY HEALTH Infant Mortality Module 2 of 2 Grace E. Foege Holmes, MD

CHILD & FAMILY HEALTH Infant Mortality Module 2 of 2 Grace E. Foege Holmes, MD. Learning Objectives:. Performance Objectives:. Dr. Grace Holmes and grandson, Quentin. DIRECT/MEDICAL Immediate (birth defects) Chronic (malnutrition) INDIRECT Social Economic Environmental.

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CHILD & FAMILY HEALTH Infant Mortality Module 2 of 2 Grace E. Foege Holmes, MD

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  1. CHILD & FAMILY HEALTHInfant MortalityModule 2 of 2Grace E. Foege Holmes, MD

  2. Learning Objectives:

  3. Performance Objectives:

  4. Dr. Grace Holmes and grandson, Quentin

  5. DIRECT/MEDICALImmediate (birth defects) Chronic(malnutrition) INDIRECTSocial Economic Environmental

  6. BIRTHWEIGHTis the single most important predictor for infant survival.

  7. Mother with NewbornChild SurvivalWorld Development

  8. Low Birth Weight (< 2500 grams) • Premature < 37 weeks’ gestation • Full term, but long and skinny, or short-for-dates

  9. PREMATURITYGestation of less than 37 weeks • calculation from last menstrual period (CGA-Calculated Gestational Age) • estimation by physical and neurological signs of the baby (EGA-Estimated Gestational Age)

  10. UNDERNUTRITION

  11. Poor nutrition in pregnancy with anemia • Smoking • Frequent infection e.g. malaria • 10% + of birth weights under 2.5kg Chart shows poor growth of a girl in first 3 years Adult female stunted< 151 cms More infections and deaths of small babies, and other effects which continue till fourth year More undernutrition More backward children Drawing: The Crisis of Undernutrition. Credit: Teaching Aids at Low Cost (TALC)

  12. Blood + tissue fluid + uterus + breast Well-fed mother’s pregnancy weight gain= 14 kg Underfed mother’s pregnancy weight gain = 6 kg Baby+Placenta+Amnioticfluid Contrast of well-fed and underfed pregnant women.

  13. Maternal education appears to have a strong and independent effect on infant mortality.

  14. ADULT LITERACY RATE • Percentage of persons aged 15 years and older who can read and write. • 60% of all illiterate people are women.

  15. North AmericaUSSREuropeSouth East AsiaLatin AmericaArab StatesMiddle South AsiaAfrica Adult males Adult females 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percentage literate Bar Graph: Literacy in Women and Men (TALC)

  16. AGRICULTURAL WORKDivision of rural labor by task and sex, Africa Male share Female share PLOUGHING PLANTING HOEING/WEEDING HARVESTING TRANSPORTING STORING PROCESSING MARKETING HUSBANDRY 70% 50% 30% 40% 20% 20% 10% 40% 50% Source: Economic Commission for Africa, 1975 AGRICULTURAL TRAINING Male and female participation in agricultural training programs, Africa AGRICULTURE HUSBANDRY COOPERATIVES 85% 80% 90% Source: International Children’s Center, “Children in the Tropics”, Issue No 146, Paris, 1983 (Child Survival/World Development) Male and Female Shares of Tasks 30% 50% 70% 60% 80% 80% 90% 60% 50%

  17. Educating Girls “... train a woman and you build a nation.”

  18. It’s never too early to start learning!

  19. What Slows Population Growth?

  20. Source: UNICEF

  21. Source: UNICEF

  22. Source: UNICEF

  23. Gift Poster From China

  24. Bangladesh: World Fertility Survey Spacing Between Births All twenty-nine other countries studied showed similar trends (TALC)

  25. Health status of mother directly affects child survival.

  26. IMPACT OF EDUCATION

  27. GEFH

  28. Primary education for women is a critical factor in any country’s development.

  29. Education:An Influential Investment

  30. Women: the Key to Healthy Children Source: UNICEF

  31. GEFH

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