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FACT:

FACT:. Chemical reactions happen because electrons are shared or transferred from one substance to another. MAX NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN AN ENERGY LEVEL. Write a mathematical equation that allows us to predict the Max # if we know the energy level (n). Max # = …n….

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FACT:

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  1. FACT: Chemical reactions happen because electrons are shared or transferred from one substance to another

  2. MAX NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN AN ENERGY LEVEL

  3. Write a mathematical equation that allows us to predict the Max # if we know the energy level (n) Max # = …n…

  4. Equation to calculate Max # of e- 2n2 Where n is any energy level

  5. There are 4 Quantum #s and those #s are used to describe where an electron is likely to be found at any given time

  6. This is a lot like being able to use four “places” to describe EXACTLY where Mr. T should be at 8:00AM on Friday.

  7. 1st Quantum # Specifies the energy level that the electron is on Principle Quantum #

  8. 2nd Quantum # Specifies the shape of the sub-energy level

  9. s and p Sub Energy Levels

  10. III. Quantum Mechanical Model: Atomic Orbitals E. Shapes of orbitals d orbitals

  11. ORBITAL Space occupied by a pair of electrons

  12. Four Sub-Energy Levels

  13. Sub-Energy Levels

  14. Electron Configuration A detailed way of showing the order in which electrons fill in around the nucleus

  15. # of e- in sub-energy level Electron Configuration Symbols 5f3 Sub-Energy Level Energy Level

  16. Electron Configuration PT

  17. Bohr Models vs. e- Configs K K: 1s2 3s2 3p6 4s1 2p6 2s2

  18. 1s1 Write the e-config for: He: 1s2 Li: 1s22s1 H: K: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1

  19. Valence Electrons Electrons in the outermost energy level (involved in chemical reactions)

  20. K: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Noble Gas Shortcut K: [Ar] 4s1 So what is different?

  21. Aufbau Principle All lower energy sublevels must be full before high energy sublevels begin filling in

  22. Steps for writing NGSC Write the noble gas preceding the desired element [in brackets] Carry on as usual

  23. Pauli Exclusion Principle No 2 electrons can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers

  24. Arrow-Orbital Diagrams A way to show orbital filling, spin, relative energy

  25. Hund’s Rule Most stable arrangement of electrons is the one with the maximum number of unpaired electrons

  26. Arrow-Orbital Diagrams Energy 3d 4s 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s

  27. Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams The easiest way to represent the # of valance electrons

  28. Steps for writing electron dot diagrams Write the element’s symbol Write out e- config Count # of valence e-s (1-8) Place same # of dots as e- around symbol

  29. Order to fill in an e-dot 3 6 Bm 4 1 7 2 5 8

  30. What up? Bm 1 Who do 1 and 2 represent? 2 Why do 1 and 2 fill in on the same side?

  31. What up? 3 6 Bm 4 1 7 2 5 8 Why will you never have more than eight dots?

  32. Examples of Lewis Electron Dots

  33. Flame Tests Certain elements emit specific wavelengths of light when the electrons fall from outer energy levels back to their ground state.

  34. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

  35. H Hg Ne Line Spectra of Excited Atoms • Excited atoms emit light of only certain wavelengths • The wavelengths of emitted light depend on the element.

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