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Trading Strategies Involving Options Chapter 10. Positions in an Option & the Underlying. Buy or sell call Buy or sell put buy or short sell stock buy (lend at) or sell (borrow at) risk-free bond (rate). Trading Strategies Involving Options. Take a position in the option & the underlying
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Positions in an Option & the Underlying • Buy or sell call • Buy or sell put • buy or short sell stock • buy (lend at) or sell (borrow at) risk-free bond (rate)
Trading Strategies Involving Options • Take a position in the option & the underlying • Spread: Position in 2 or more options of the same type • Combination: Position in a mixture of calls & puts
Payoff for Put Option x Cost = p buy ST X sell -X Cost = -p
Payoff for Call Option x Cost = c buy ST X sell Cost = -c
Payoff for Stock buy Cost = S ST sell Cost = -S
Payoff for Investing or Borrowing PV(X) in Risk-Free Bond Cost = Xe-rT X buy ST Cost = -Xe-rT sell -X
Method • Determine cost of portfolio • Draw payoff pattern for each position • Add patterns together to obtain payout pattern • Subtract cost of portfolio to obtain profit pattern
Write a Covered Call buy stock X Cost = S - c ST X sell call
Profit Pattern for Covered Call Cost = S - c X X-S+c ST X -S+c X-S+c
Payoff for Protective Put Cost = S + p x ST X
Profit Pattern Protective Put Cost = S + p x X ST X-S-p S+p
Bull Spread • Buy 1 call and sell 1 call at higher strike X2-X1 buy Cost = c1 - c2 > 0 ST X1 X2 sell
Profit Pattern for Bull Spread X2-X1 -c1+c2 ST -c1+c2
Bear Spread • Sell 1 call and buy 1 call at higher strike buy Cost = c1 - c2 < 0 ST X2 X1 sell X2-X1
Profit Pattern for Bear Spread Cost = c1 - c2 < 0 ST X2 X1
Buy a Straddle • Buy 1 call and 1 put at same strike X Cost = c + p payout profit X -p-c X-p-c X+p+c
Butterfly Spread • Buy 1 call at X1, sell 2 calls at X2, buy 1 call at X3 m = +1 m = -1 m = 0 X2 X1 X3 m = - 2 Cost = c1 - 2c2 + c3
Butterfly Spread • Buy 1 call, sell 2 calls, buy 1 call X2-X1 payoff cost profit Cost = c1 - 2c2 + c3
Bull Spread Using Calls • Figure 10.2 Profit X1 X2 ST
Figure 10.3 Profit X1 X2 ST Bull Spread Using Puts
Figure 10.4 Profit X1 X2 ST Bear Spread Using Calls
Figure 10.5 Profit X1 X2 ST Bear Spread Using Puts
Figure 10.6 Profit X1 X2 X3 ST Butterfly Spread Using Calls
Figure 10.7 Profit X1 X2 X3 ST Butterfly Spread Using Puts
Figure 10.10 Profit X ST A Straddle Combination
Strip & Strap • Figure 10.11 Profit Profit X ST X ST Strip Strap
Figure 10.12 Profit X1 X2 ST A Strangle Combination
Summary • Write covered call: buy stock sell call • Protective put: buy stock and buy put • Bull spread: buy X1 call and sell X2 call • Bear spread: opposite of bull • Buy Straddle: buy X call and buy X put • Sell Straddle: opposite of buy straddle • Strangle: buy X1 put and buy X2 call • Butterfly spread: buy 1 X1 call, sell 2 X2 calls, and buy 1 X3 call
Payoff Table • Identify critical price ranges • For each position determine payoff in each critical range • Sum payoffs across each critical range