1 / 40

SOIL

SOIL. The Origin of Life. Objectives. Explain why agriculture and all life is dependant on the soil. Explain the difference between organic and inorganic soil. What is soil?. Soil . The mineral and organic surface of the earth capable of supporting upland plants. Why is soil important?.

rimona
Download Presentation

SOIL

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. SOIL The Origin of Life

  2. Objectives • Explain why agriculture and all life is dependant on the soil. • Explain the difference between organic and inorganic soil.

  3. What is soil?

  4. Soil • The mineral and organic surface of the earth capable of supporting upland plants.

  5. Why is soil important?

  6. Food Chain • Constant cycle • Begins and ends with the soil • What is the example in the book?

  7. Four Ingredients of Soil • Minerals • Air • Water • Humus

  8. Minerals • Do not come from living organisms • Very small particles • Have chemical and physical properties that can be formed into rocks.

  9. Pores • Formed between the mineral particles • Filled with water or air

  10. Humus • Organic matter – produced by living animals and plants • Decomposed plants and animals

  11. Organic soils • Contain lots of organic matter. • The result of the build up of plant materials that grew in the soil, died and decayed. • Hundreds of years to make fertile soil.

  12. Organic Soil • Very rich in nutrients • Very productive soils.

  13. Inorganic Soils • Originates from the breaking down of rock • Usually a result of weather • Extremely slow - thousands of years. http://www.worldofstock.com/closeups/NTR1852.php

  14. Inorganic soils • Weather ???

  15. Inorganic Soils weather Break down • Wind against rocks • Rain, sleet, and snow against the rocks remove particles. • Process of wetting and drying dissolves minerals • Freezing and thawing opens cracks for more water to enter

  16. Inorganic Soils • Glaciers - slow moving ice • Glaciers crushed the rock creating soil. • Moraine – land mass built up by a glacier

  17. Erosion • Definition?

  18. Water-deposited soil • Alluvial soil – soil that has been moved and deposited by moving water. • soil that has been picked up and washed down stream and deposited.

  19. Water-deposited soil Flood plains – areas along a river or stream that flood when the river exceeds its banks Soil is deposited in these areas as the water recedes back within it’s banks.

  20. Water deposited soils • Deltas – Soil deposited at the mouth of a river • As the water slows the soil falls out • The soil is built up over a period of time.. • The Mississippi delta is on great example

  21. Mississippi Delta • Where did this soil come from???

  22. Water deposited Soil • Can a lake be filled by soil from a river or stream??? • Is this good soil??

  23. Wind Deposited soil • Wind creates soil by wearing away the stone. • Called eolian soils • Large particles are called sand and form dunes • Fine particles are called silt and clay and are

  24. Soil Texture • The size of the individual soil particles

  25. Sand • Largest particle of soil • Feels gritty and coarse

  26. Silt • Smaller than sand • Will feel smoother than sand but not smooth

  27. Clay • Smallest particle of soil • Smooth, like flour

  28. Texture • Relative size….

  29. Loam Soil • Ideal for crops • Less than 52 % sand, 28 – 50 % silt and 7-27 % clay • Clay and silt prevent water from moving through the soil. • Sand lets too much water go through the soil • This mixture is just right for holding water in the soil.

  30. Soil PH • The pH is a measure of how acidic the soil is. • The pH affects nutrient availability

  31. The pH • Blue berries prefer a lower ph 4-7 • Asparagus prefers 6-8

  32. the pH scale • To make the soil more acidic we add sulfur • To make the soil more alkaline we add lime

  33. Soil Horizons • Soil forms in parallel layers called Horizons • The horizons are formed from different materials giving them a different color and texture. • If a pit is dug you can see the various Horizons of soil

  34. Soil Ecosystem • Ecosystem – all of the plants and animals that life in an area • All are necessary for the “balance of nature”

  35. Rhizosphere • – the area around the roots of a plant – where the plant receives water and nutrient • Many microorganisms live here. • Carbon Cycle – plants die and return nutrients back to the soil.

  36. Microorganisms • Symbiotic relationship – bacteria helps the plants use nitrogen • Plants that host the rhizobia for nitrogen are called Legumes. • Bacteria enters the root hairs and form nodules on the root, then transform nitrogen into a useful form.

  37. Microorganisms • Fungi – plantlike organisms that contain no chlorophyll • Fungi help breakdown and decay plant material

  38. Microorganism • Protozoa – feed on bacteria and help keep the balance

  39. microorganisms • Nematodes – smooth round bodied worms • Eat decayed matter, other microorganisms and plant roots • The last group causes major concerns for farmers.

  40. Soil Essential for life - All of our food sources depend on the soil. We need to take care of the soil…

More Related