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Victoria Piescu, Andra Oros, Valentina Coatu, Ioan Pecheanu*

Levels of some dangerous substances in the marine environment in front the Danube mouths between 1996-2004. Victoria Piescu, Andra Oros, Valentina Coatu, Ioan Pecheanu* National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”Constanta, Romania.

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Victoria Piescu, Andra Oros, Valentina Coatu, Ioan Pecheanu*

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  1. Levels of some dangerous substances in the marine environment in front the Danube mouths between 1996-2004 Victoria Piescu, Andra Oros, Valentina Coatu, Ioan Pecheanu* National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”Constanta, Romania

  2. At the end of a course  of over 2,860 km, collecting the water from a vast hydrological basin, the Danube is the second largest river of the Europe.The impurification source of the marine environment at the Danube mouths are the wastes transported by fluvial water from continental industries and aquatic transports. • The pollution of marine waters can affect the quality of physical-chemical parameters of the ecosystem with effects on its dynamics, biodiversity, living resources and human activities. The paper presents the results obtained in 1996-2004 regarding: • - the levels of dangerous substances in transitional water from the area influenced by fluvial discharges; • - the trend of the pollutants accumulation process in the surface marine sediments.

  3. Sampling and analysesThe study of marine pollution process evolution has been carried out by comparative analyses of the pollutants load in the main source – the fluvial waters discharged through Sulina arm- the seasonal levels determined in abiotics components from the marine zone influenced by Danube- in the southern direction, along the Romanian Black Sea coastal area

  4. ResultsThe investigations carried out in1999 – 2004 concerning contaminants levels in seawater and surface sediments from the area influenced by Danube have identified pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorinated pesticides, resulted from fluvial discharge.The contaminants level was compaired with the results obtained in reference periods 1996-1998.

  5. Total hydrocarbons contentTotal hydrocarbons content analysis in seawater samples collected in 1999 – 2004 period from marine area influenced by Danube indicated the presence of petroleum pollutant in all investigated samples Concentrations between 64.9 –1328g/l in fluvial waters 11.3 - 3194 g/l in marine watersThe dominants concentrations has been included in 100 – 500 g/l domain

  6. Spatial distribution of the concentration average values determined in seawater collected from 20 m and 40 m depths along the Romanian Black Sea coast reflects the fluvial discharges input, with a concentrations decreasing tendency south wards. In comparison with the results obtained in the reference period 1996-1998, in 2004 was registered a decreasing of the total hydrocarbons content in seawater from the area under the influence of Danube, about 5.8 times in the fluvial area, 4.2 time in predanubian sector and 2.06 time in southern area.

  7. In comparison with the results obtained in the reference period 1996-1998, in 2004 was registered a decreasing of the total hydrocarbons content in seawater from the area under the influence of Danubeabout 5.8 times in the fluvial area4.2 time in predanubian sector and 2.06 time in southern area Regarding the accumulation of the petroleum pollutant in the surface sediments, it was observed that this content varied between the larges limits 5,5 – 7236.7 g/g

  8. The pollutant spreading process on southern direction, with an increased accumulation in the southern zone of the Romanian littoral, has been identified

  9. Heavy metals contentThe investigations carried out in 1996-2004 in order to evaluate trace metals concentration levels in the abiotic components of the marine ecosystem have shown a significant load of Cu, Cd, Mn and Pb, concentration values being specific for each element and characteristic for sampling stations

  10. The highest concentration values for heavy metals in abiotic elements collected from predanubian sector during 1996-2004 were determined in 1999, just after the Jugoslavian conflict .

  11. Comparing with referenceperiod, in 1999 were registered : - in sea water average values 2.5 times higher for Cu, 4.8 times higher for Cd and 6.3 times higher for Pb - in sediments the values were increased with 34% for Pb, 42% for Cu, 69% for Cd.

  12. The spatial distribution pattern of the havy metals concentrations reflects the fluvial waters input, which contribute to the contamination of the bottom sediments

  13. In comparison with the results registered in reference period 1996-1998, the investigations carried out in 2004 showed somevariations of trace metal concentrations : - in water from fluvial area it was observed a decrease of 1.8 times in Cd concentrations and an increase of 5.9 times of Cu contentand 1.5 times for Pb, whereas in sediments was registered a decrease of 4.1 times of Cd content; - in the predanubian sector Sulina – Portita, in sea water it have been observed a decrease of 1.8 time in Cd concentration and an increase of 4.4 times for Cu and 3.4 time for Pb ; -in the southern zone of the littoral, Constantza – Mangalia, seawater had a diminished level by 1.9 times in the case of Cd and a higher level by 3.1 times for Cu and 1.9 for Pb, whereas in the sediments was registered a reduction of Cd content by 3.8 times .

  14. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons content – PAH-sThe values of polyaromatic hydrocarbons concentrations – PAH registered in sea water samples collected in 2000 – 2004 from the area under the influence of Danube (ng/l)

  15. The values of polyaromatic hydrocarbons concentrations – PAH registered in sediments samples collected in 2000 -2004 period from the area under the influence of Danube (ng/g)

  16. The investigations identified : * a pollutant spreading process on north-south direction ; * the number of identified compounds being reduced along with the increasing of distance from fluvial zone but accompanied with a accumulation tendency

  17. Organochlorinated hydrocarbonsThe concentration values of organochlorinated hydrocarbons (ng/l) in seawater samples from the area influenced by Danube in 2000 – 2004

  18. The concentration values of organochlorinated hydrocarbons (ng/g) in sediment samples from the area influenced by Danube in 2000 - 2004

  19. The results of the studies carried out in 2000 – 2004 period showed a high diversity level for organochlorinated hydrocarbons * in seawater samples from fluvial area 8 organochlorinated compounds have been identified. * HCB, Lindan, Dieldrin, p.p’DDT has highest concentrations ,. * the study of spatial distribution of concentrations indicated a pollutants spreading on the southern direction

  20. Conclusions According to the analytical results obtained in abiotic elements collected in 1996 – 2004 period from marine area under the influence of Danube, it have been identified petroleum pollutants, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorinated pesticides, in relation with fluvial discharge, as follows: * Spatial distribution of the average concentration values determined in transitional water collected along the Romanian Black Sea coast for petroleum pollutants reflects the fluvial discharges input, with a concentration decreasing tendency southwards. In comparison with the results obtained in the reference period 1996-1998, in 2004 was registered a decreasing of the total hydrocarbons content in seawater from the area under the influence of Danube, about 5.8 times in the fluvial area and 4.2 time in predanubian sector. The accumulation of petroleum pollutant in surface sediments has been observed

  21. * In abiotic elements of the marine environment from the area under the influence of Danube were identified 11 PAH compounds due to fluvial input. Naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene has highest concentrations * In abiotic elements of the marine environment from area under the influence of Danube were determined 8 types of organochlorinated pesticides. HCB, Lindan, Dieldrin, p.p’DDT has highest concentrations * Abiotic components from the area under the influence of Danube are characterized by a significant content of Cu, Cd and Pb, due to the fluvial input.Sea water from fluvial zone and predanubian sector has a higher content by 1.1 time for Cu Cd and 1.5 time for Pb, comparing with the level observed in the samples collected from the southern zone of the littoral.

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