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Vital Signs/Blood pressure

Vital Signs/Blood pressure. Blood Pressure. Arterial blood pressure is a measure of pressure exerted by the blood as flows through the arteries. (measured by mmHg .) 120/80 mmHg (adults). BP normal limits. Two Types of pressure measures:

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Vital Signs/Blood pressure

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  1. Vital Signs/Blood pressure

  2. Blood Pressure • Arterial blood pressure is a measure of pressure exerted by the blood as flows through the arteries. (measured by mmHg.) • 120/80 mmHg (adults)

  3. BP normal limits Two Types of pressure measures: • Systolic pressure: as result of ventricles contraction. • Diastolic pressure: when the ventricles are at rest. • Pulse Pressure: difference between the diastolic and systolic pressures (normal is 40)

  4. Determinants of BP • Cardiac output • Peripheral vascular resistance • Blood volume • Blood viscosity (Hct. > 60-65%)

  5. Factors Affecting BP • Age (elasticity of the arteries) • Exercise (wait 20-30min) • Stress • Race : African American males over 35 years have higher BP than European males at the same age. • Gender: after puberty, females have lower BP than males due to hormonal variations. • Medications • Obesity: predispose to hypertension. • Diurnal variations: BP lowest early in the morning, then rises during the day • Disease process

  6. Assessing BP • Indirect • Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope • Electronic Sphygmomanometer • Doppler ultrasound • Direct • (Invasive Monitoring) Arterial lines Sites: • Upper arm (brachial artery) • Radial ????? • Thigh (popliteal artery)

  7. Hypertension • Cannot be diagnosed unless an elevated blood pressure is found when measured twice at different times. Types: 2. Primary: unknown cause 1. Secondary: known cause • Associated factors include: arteriosclerosis, smoking, obesity, alcohol, lack of physical activity, high blood cholesterol and stress. • Rx. : treatment of secondary causes, life style changes and monitoring.

  8. Hypotension • Is a BP that is below normal, that is systolic between 85 and 110 mmHg in an adult whose normal pressure is higher than this. • Orthostatic hypotension: is a BP that falls when the client sits or stands. • Causes: drugs, bleeding, severe burn and dehydration • Management : supine position 2-3min., V/s, prevent falls, Rx of the cause.

  9. Oxygen Saturation • Pulse Oximeter: noninvasive device that estimates a client’s arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2). • Detects hypoxemia before clinical signs and symptoms • Normal SaO2 is 95%-100% • SaO2 below 70% is life threatening.

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