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T2K at Université de Genève

T2K at Université de Genève.  today T2K clever ideas ND280 schedule. outline. N. Abgrall, P. Bene, A. Blondel, A. Bravar, M. Di Marco , D. Ferrere, F. Masciocchi, M. Ravonel, E. Perrin 19-20 octobre 2006 Workshop on "Neutrinos and flavors physics" CHIPP (Berne). drives the design.

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T2K at Université de Genève

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  1. T2K at Université de Genève •  today • T2K clever ideas • ND280 • schedule outline N. Abgrall, P. Bene, A. Blondel, A. Bravar, M. Di Marco, D. Ferrere, F. Masciocchi, M. Ravonel, E. Perrin 19-20 octobre 2006 Workshop on "Neutrinos and flavors physics" CHIPP (Berne)

  2. drives the design neutrino today still unknown: • oscillation parameters • 12 m12 23 m23 • 13 •   CP violation • absolute mass • nature: majorana or dirac ? • Minos 1st results + Opera start : 2006 • Gerda: construction starts …now ! • Double-CHOOZ : data from far detector 2008, data with both detectors 2010 • T2K: J-parc ready 2008, data 2009 • NOvA : approval for construction 2007, data 2010 • Katrin : start data taking fall 2009, full sensitivity 2015 good timing !  disappearance : precision measurement e appearance : discovery ! improve sensitivity to sin2 213 by an order of magnitude search for sterile components by NC events

  3. T2K clever ideas 3 2 • far detector already exists: Super-Kamiokande • off-axis beam: highest intensity, almost monoenergetic • sub-GeV ’s: two-body kinematics -like e-like 0 E  1GeV,  = 0 – 180

  4. T2K-I:  high precision assuming 13~0 : P( )= 1 - sin2223 sin2(1.27 m223  L/E) challenge: detection of oscillation signal from CCQE over background: CC-10 goals: (sin2223 (m223eV T.Nakadaira, Nu2006

  5. T2K-II: e discovery assuming m212 is small: P( e)= sin2213 sin223 sin2(m223  L/E) goal: sin2213 0.006 challenge: detection of oscillation signal e from CCQE over backgrounds: e from NC-0 beam contamination from K, ~0.2% T2K: 295 km, 0.8 GeV

  6. T2K-II: e discovery T.Nakadaira, Nu2006

  7. K2K & T2K Phase II: 4 MW upgrade Phase II HK: 1000 kt JPARC- ~0.6GeV n beam 0.75 MW 50 GeV PS (2009 ) SK: 22.5 kt Kamioka J-PARC K2K~1.2 GeV n beam 0.01 MW 12 GeV PS (1999 2005)

  8. Off Axis Beam Far Det. Decay Pipe q Horns Target • low fraction of high energy  • quasi monochromatic beam • oscillation maximum

  9. requirements for near detectors crucial:  spectrum at SuperK predicted by  spectrum at ND280m x Far/Near ratio • determination of off-axis angle accuracy <<1 mrad on-axis detector • CC  and e fluxes at 5%  off-axis tracking detectors • flux shape, absolute E scale, E resolution • 0 production cross sections  Pi-Zero, Ecal • pid: +/-and e+/e- identification • detection of recoil p+ and - + • e contamination with <10% uncertainty • neutrino interactions in water target • Fermi motion   momentum resolution – 100MeV/c

  10. T2K far and near detectors p p n off-axis on-axis 0m 140m 280m 2 km 295 km Super-K near detectors beam production • muon monitor • beam direction + intensity of  beam “spill-by-spill” study of systematics (see talk by A. Badertscher) not approved yet Super-Kamioande (50kt) “Off-axis”: • Measure neutrino beam spectrum • Estimate backgrounds with a precision of <10% • Essential for the measurement of 13 A. Cervera CHIPP 2005 “On-axis”: control the beam direction

  11. p p n off-axis on-axis 0m 140m 280m 2 km 295 km neutrino decay volume T2K (Re13@CERN) Possible Future ND280m ND2km  monitor SK A.Blondel CHIPP oct.2006

  12. 19m 37m ND280m hall off-axis (~2o) on-axis accuracy of  beam direction 0.18 mrad

  13. ECAL (Pb/scintillator): photons from 0 and pid e/ UA1 magnet (0.2 T) inner volume: 3.5x3.6x7.0 m3 + SMRD (side  range detector): 1.7 cm gaps instrumented with scintillator • muons produced at angles near 90° cannot be measured by the TPCs – provide  energy measurement to < 10% • veto activity from  interactions in magnet or walls, basis for a cosmic trigger for calibrations ND 280 tracker : optimized for CC studies POD ( detector): optimized for  from NC

  14.  detector • high statistics measurements of n interactions with electromagnetic showers • scintillating bartracking planes • interleaved withpassive water layers(blue), fiducial = 1.7 tons • statistical subtraction of events in rear from front used to determine oxygen cross sections • ~17103 NC single p0 events expected in water target for 1021 pot (1 year) • 50-60% efficiency for p0 reconstruction (p > 200 MeV/c) • p0 fake rate ~ 20%

  15. requirements : σ(p)/p < 10 % at 1 GeV/c dE/dx capability: separate e / μ ND280 tracker • ~ 4x105 interactions in a nominal year (1021 POT) • 2 FGD’s: • solid active (+ water) target modules • ~ 1.2 ton total mass in each FGD module • 3 TPC’s: • gas time projection chamber modules TPC inner volumes ~ 16 kg gas, resulting in ~ 2x103  FGD • each FGD: 2x2x0.3 m3 target volume, ~1.2 ton • scintillator bars: 1x1x200 cm3 arranged in alternating x-y planes • fine segmentation needed to track low energy protons, in order to distinguish CCQE and non-elastic • the back FGD contains water layers • 3cm passive water layers between each x-y scintillator plane • “SiPM” readout

  16. Tracker - TPC • low diffusion gas to achieve resolution sufficient for  / e separation: • 10% for p < 1 GeV/c • dE/dx resolution: ~ 7% • double wall with field cage as inner wall • gas amplification : Micromegas Barcelona-Genève-Saclay see talk by N. Abgrall - 6 read-out planes (0.6x2.5 m2) - Total drift distance 1.25 m - B=0.2 T E=200V/cm - Pad size: 0.6 to 0.8 cm - ~100k channels Dp/p2=7% in one chamber

  17. ne CC event nm CC event Side view Top view

  18. Schedule • SK reconstruction completed April 2006, fully operational July 2006  back to 40% photo-coverage • Beam line construction started in April 2004 • 50 GeV MR commissioning: 2008 •  beamline commissioning: April 2009 • ND280 groups now seeking construction funding • April 2007: ND280 hall construction start • May 2008: Install UA1 magnet • Aug-Dec 2008: complete ND280 building • Jan 2009: installation of ND280 detectors • on axis detector • off axis Tracker • Summer/Fall 2009: install remaining detectors T2K physics run: 2009

  19. Swiss contributions to T2K talk by N.Abgrall • UniGe: construction of Micromegas modules (84 modules + spares) at CERN: mechanics + automatic bench testing and pad-by-pad calibration (~150000 channels) • contribution to refurbisment of UA1 magnet (shared contribution by EU groups) • Swiss groups could lead the effort of NA49/T2K • -- Measurement of particle production by 30-50 GeV protons from carbon target in the NA49 apparatus • UniBe and ETHZ have applied to T2K • -- proposed contribution to ND280 detectors under discussion • -- long term interest in a possible 2km Larg detector talk by S.Bravar talk by A.Badertscher

  20. conclusions • T2K is a key experiment in  physics: • natural scale-up from past and actual to future experiments • potential for discovery • funded and under construction • so far on schedule to start in spring 2009 • Starting from HARP and K2K, moving on to T2K and possibly NA49, EU and CH are pursuing an increasingly stronger contribution to the Japanese Long-baseline neutrino programme • Université de Genève is involved in • ND280: TPC readout (construction and testing) and software • possibly leading the NA49 effort temporary website for T2K and T2K-NA49: http://dpnc.unige.ch/users/dimarcom/

  21. Target and horn magnets Graphite Target beam 1st Horn 2nd Horn 3rd Horn I=320kA Graphite target Prototype - thermal shock resistant to 0.75 MW - He-gas cooling system 1st Horn excitation May 2006 Operation at 320 kA July 2006 Production of 1, 2, 3 Horns 2007 Installation 2008

  22. Canada UBC, Regina, Toronto, Victoria, TRIUMF, York France CEA/Saclay Italy Bari, Napoli, Padova, Rome Japan Hiroshima, KEK, Kobe, Kyoto, ICRR, Tokyo Korea Chonnam, Dongshin, Kangwon, Kyungpook, Gyeongsang, Sejong, Seoul, SungKyunKwan ND280 group • Russia • INR Moscow • Spain • Barcelona, Valencia • Switzerland • Geneva • United Kingdom • Imperial, Lancaster, Liverpool, Queen Mary, CCLRC, Sheffield, Warwick • United States • Louisiana State, Stony Brook, Rochester, Washington

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