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A Journey Through Biometrics

A Journey Through Biometrics. Julian Ashbourn BCS Nov 17 th 2010. The Beginning. Did ancient civilisations use biometrics? “Nechutes, son of Asos, aged forty, of middle size, sallow complexion, cheerful countenance, long face with straight nose and a scar upon the middle of his forehead…”.

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A Journey Through Biometrics

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  1. A Journey Through Biometrics Julian Ashbourn BCS Nov 17th 2010

  2. The Beginning • Did ancient civilisations use biometrics? • “Nechutes, son of Asos, aged forty, of middle size, sallow complexion, cheerful countenance, long face with straight nose and a scar upon the middle of his forehead…” Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 2

  3. Afterwards • Alphonse Bertillon 1853-1914 • A fascination with anatomical measurement within the context of criminology • Bertillon developed a complex system of measurements and photography which came to be widely used ~ Anthropometry • A pioneer of the criminal mug-shot Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 3

  4. The Fascination Continues • Francis Galton 1822-1911 • Explorer, anthropologist, cousin of Charles Darwin, developed the concept of eugenics • Amassed over 8000 sets of fingerprints and developed a classification system based upon minutiae • Placed the study of fingerprints on a sound scientific basis Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 4

  5. And Evolves • Juan Vucetich 1858-1925 • Developed a system of fingerprint classification based upon Galton’s ideas, for the Argentine police • First positive identification by fingerprints in a criminal case (Francisca Rojas) • System widely adopted by police forces in many countries • Galton-Henry system adopted by Scotland Yard Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 5

  6. Biometrics in Passports? Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 6

  7. Interim Conclusion • The idea of using a biometric for identity verification purposes is hardly new • What has changed is the prospect of automation within the information age Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 7

  8. Modern Principles of Operation • How does it all work? • Determine features to be matched • Extract features and create biometric reference • Extract features from live sample and match against reference creating a ‘statement of likeness’ • Determine a match or non-match according to the alignment of the statement of likeness against a pre-defined threshold • Thresholds may be adjustable in order to manipulate realised performance Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 8

  9. Registration Live Operation In Simple Terms Capture Sample Capture Sample Extract Features & Create Code 010%0$10%100$0%1%0 011%0$11%100$0%1%0 Extract Features Retrieve Stored Code & Compare Create Reference Biometric Code Generate Likeness Score Score 85 011%0$11%100$0%1%0 Threshold 80 Align with Threshold Result Match Store Reference Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 9

  10. Probability of Errors False Match Error Rate % False Non-Match Equal Error Rate Definable Threshold Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 10

  11. Environmental Factors • Operational environment • Temperature, humidity, available light, noise levels, cleanliness, signage • Technical environment • Network availability, noise, power stability, component performance • User psychology • Habituated or non-habituated user, sympathetic or not to concept, disabilities, confidence, general understanding of technology Which of these factors has an effect upon realised performance? Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 11

  12. Real Performance Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 12

  13. Real Performance Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 13

  14. Equivalence of Performance 67 82 59 87 • Who installed the system? • Who set the threshold? • Against what criteria? • Who is maintaining the system? • How often is it checked? Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 14

  15. Maintaining Equivalence Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 15

  16. Interim Conclusion • Biometric matching is not an exact science • System implementation may be complex • Understanding performance is important • True systems integration is potentially complex Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 16

  17. Societal Implications • Some fundamentals • Under what situations might it be pertinent to undertake a biometric identity verification check? • Who does the biometric belong to? • Who should decide how it is used? • Who has access to data aligned with a biometric? • Can a biometric match be repudiated? • Should a biometric be used covertly? • What assumptions are made around the results of a biometric identity verification transaction? Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 17

  18. Information Alignment • How accurate is the information associated with a particular biometric Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 18

  19. Information Utilisation • Service provision or imposition? • Who is working for who? Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 19

  20. A Brave New World • William Shakespeare O wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world! • Or…. Aldus Huxley George Orwell H.G. Wells Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 20

  21. Where is This Leading? • What legacy shall we leave for future generations? Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 21

  22. A New Rising Sun • The time has come to take a fresh look at what we might achieve with this technology • A biometric users charter • A re-statement of relevance • Best practices around systems integration • Clarity around privacy, ownership and data protection • Clarity of purpose with respect to public sector applications • Clarity of communication Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 22

  23. Credo Congregatio • A possible mechanism with which to establish a related centre of excellence • There is much existing work which could potentially feed into this concept • Next steps… Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 23

  24. Specialissimus Terrigenus Julian Ashbourn ~ Slide 24

  25. Thank You Julian Ashbourn www.animus.1to1.org

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