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L andscapes in Indiana Dunes

L andscapes in Indiana Dunes. Landscape features are dynamic and can be dated: 100s – 1000s of years for dunes 10s – 100s of years for blowouts. Big blowout ~ 150 years old. Chloroplast coverage and polymorphisms . Chloroplast Genome Coverage. Position (kb). Chloroplast phylogeny.

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L andscapes in Indiana Dunes

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  1. Landscapes in Indiana Dunes • Landscape features are dynamic and can be dated: • 100s – 1000s of years for dunes • 10s – 100s of years for blowouts Big blowout ~ 150 years old

  2. Chloroplast coverage and polymorphisms Chloroplast Genome Coverage Position (kb)

  3. Chloroplast phylogeny • Neighbor joining tree based on 140kb • Named haplogroups have >50% bootstrap • Unfilled lines indicate low-coverage sample

  4. Chloroplast phylogeny

  5. Chloroplast phylogeny

  6. Nuclear genome: Multidimensional scaling ~11000 nuclear loci, mean of 100 random allele samples

  7. Nuclear loci: Structure analysis Bayesian clustering algorithm ~11000 nuclear loci, random allele sample, Burn-in 10K, Run 10K

  8. Ecotypic diversity in switchgrass • Switchgrass and other wide-ranging grassland species have many ecotypes • Great variability in size, shape, color, and habitat preference • Example: Upland/lowland divergence Lowland (Oklahoma) Upland (Michigan) Adapted to: Shorter growing season, Drier climates Adapted to: Long growing season, Wet climates

  9. Reconstructed grassland experiments at Fermilab (2008-2010) • Two experiments on diversity vs. ecosystem service relationships: • Field trial: • Genetic diversity • Species diversity • Functional diversity • +/- nitrogen input • Plot experiment: • Genetic diversity (++) • Species diversity

  10. Field trial: Experimental design 42 x 720m2 plots on a 10 acre site: - Diversity + 7 Plant treatments X N fertilization (+/-)

  11. Biomass yield (Fall 2010-3rd year) N-Fertilized Control N fertilization: 60 lbs/acres of urea

  12. 1-BB 1-SG Mix _ 1-BB+1 -SG 2-BB 2-SG Genetic diversity 2-BB+ 2-SG 4-BB 4-SG 6-BB 3-BB+ 3-SG 6-SG + Ecotype diversity experiment 1) 14 grass varieties 2) 4 levels of diversity

  13. Ecotype diversity effects

  14. Genetic diversity in switchgrass mixtures

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