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Low GSH/GSSG ratio. High GSH/GSSG ratio. Level of Oxidative stress. Tier 1. Tier 2. Tier 3. Cell response:. Normal. Anti- oxidant defense. Inflammation. Toxicity. Mitochondrial perturbation. Signaling pathway:. Nrf2. MAPK. NF- k B. Genetic response:. ARE. AP.
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Low GSH/GSSG ratio High GSH/GSSG ratio Level of Oxidative stress Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Cell response: Normal Anti- oxidant defense Inflammation Toxicity Mitochondrial perturbation Signaling pathway: Nrf2 MAPK NF-kB Genetic response: ARE AP PT pore NF-kB