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Polymerization

Polymerization. What are polymers?. Polymer : very long molecules made by linking together smaller molecules called monomers. Monomer. Polymer. What are polymers?. Polymer : very long molecules made by linking together smaller molecules called monomers

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Polymerization

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  1. Polymerization

  2. What are polymers? • Polymer: very long molecules made by linking together smaller molecules called monomers Monomer Polymer

  3. What are polymers? • Polymer: very long molecules made by linking together smaller molecules called monomers • Plastics and nylons are examples of polymers Monomer Short segment of polyethylene terephthalate polymer Polymer

  4. Naming polymers • Polymers are named as follows: • Write “poly” which means “many” • Follow this with the name of the monomer • We often use the common name instead of the IUPAC name • Example: Consider the monomer 1-chloroethene. The common name for this is “vinyl chloride”. What would the polymer name be? ?

  5. Addition Polymerization Reactions • Synthetic polymers can be formed by Addition Polymerization, or Condensation Polymerization • Addition Polymerization • Monomers with double bonds join together through multiple addition reactions • Look for: alkenes in the monomer, single bonds in polymer + Ethene Ethene etc. Polyethene

  6. Addition Polymerization Reactions + ethenylbenzene (styrene) Polystyrene “Styrofoam”

  7. Condensation Polymerization Reactions • Condensation reactions • Monomers are joined together by the formation of ester or amide bonds • Look for: reactions between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol (ester bonds), or reactions between a carboxylic acid and an amine (amide bond) • Look for: the release of water molecules during the reaction 1,6-diaminohexane Adipic acid 1,6-diaminohexane n Amide bond Amide bond Nylon 66

  8. Practice recognizing polymerization reactions • Homework • Pg 107 q 4-5 • Pg 111 q 1-3

  9. Photodegradable Plastics “Regular” plastic Photodegradable plastic Can degrade in a few years to a few months Degrades if at surface of landfill Still harmful to land and marine wildlife, but degrades sooner • All plastics are eventually degraded by sunlight, this can take 100s to 1000s of years • Dr. James Guillet, a Canadian scientist invented a group of plastics that adsorb light easily, which degrades them much faster • Some can take 1000 years to break down naturally • Barely degrades at all in landfills • Harmful to land and marine wildlife

  10. Great Pacific Garbage Patch

  11. Biopolymers Cellulose DNA

  12. Biopolymers Proteins

  13. Biopolymers Lipids

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