Tucson Remembers

13. Tucson Remembers • "Easy" Company 13th Infantry Battalion - United States Marine Corps Reserve Memorial Dedicated to the Twelve "Easy" Company Marines Killed in Action 1 June 2002 Kino Korean War Memorial 2805 E. Ajo Way

14. Create this in your class notebook please WHO HOW WHY WHAT WHEN WHERE

15. HOTSPOT: KOREA

16. “Losing China” • Truman was preoccupied with Europe. • Events in Asia would soon bring charges from Republicans that the Democrats were letting the Communists win. • After “losing” China, the United States sought to shore up friendly Asian regimes.

17. Tensions • During the 1940’s, political tensions were building in Korea • Japan had ruled Korea from 1910-1945, but had been driven out by the United States and the Soviet Union. • 1945-the Allies had divided Korea into two zones, the Soviets occupied the northern zone and U.S. troops occupied the southern zone.

18. The Korean War(1950-53) • During the 1940’s, political tensions were building in Korea • Japan had ruled Korea from 1910-1945, but had been driven out by the United States and the Soviet Union. • 1945-the Allies had divided Korea into two zones, the Soviets occupied the northern zone and U.S. troops occupied the southern zone.

19. U.S. Involvement • South Korea was unstable economically • The United States feared that South Korea would fall to communism • U.S. government helped to build up the South Korean military • Both the U.S. and the Soviets removed their troops from Korea in 1949.

20. The North was controlled by the Communist government of Kim Il Sung • The South by the dictatorship of Syngman Rhee. Syngman Rhee http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngman_Rhee Kim Il Sung http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Il-sung

21. The Korean War(1950-53) • Soviet-backed troops from North Korea invaded U.S.-backed South Korea in June 1950. • The confrontation between capitalist and Communist blocs turned into open military struggle.

22. The Korean War (1950-53) • Stalin had agreed to the North Korean attack, but promised only supplies. • He would eventually send pilots dressed in Chinese uniforms and using Chinese phrases over the radio • Having already “lost” China, it was decided that the United States would fight the North Koreans. • It would use enough force to deter aggression, but without provoking a larger war with the Soviet Union or China. • The U.S. would not declare war. The United Nations sanctioned aid to South Korea as a “police action.”

23. The Korean War(1950-53) • The U.N. Security Council declared North Korea the aggressor and sent troops from 15 nations to restore peace. • Under the command of General Douglas MacArthur • U.S. 350,000; South Korean 400,000; other UN members 50,000 • The move succeeded only because the Soviet delegate, who had veto power, was absent because he was protesting the UN’s refusal to recognize the Communist government in China.

24. Side effects of the Korean War • Energized America’s anti-Communist commitments • No longer did elected officials hesitate about the need to contain Soviet communism at any cost. • NATO forces were rapidly expanding. • By 1952, there were 261,000 American troops stationed in Europe, three times the number in 1950. • By 1953, NATO forces had reached 7 million. • Truman also increased assistance to the French in Indochina, creating the Military Assistance Advisory Group for Indochina. • This was the start of America’s deepening involvement in Vietnam.

25. MilitaryDevelopments • By September the North Koreans had pushed the U.S. and South Korean forces into a retreat • September 15, 1950, General MacArthur led a counterattack and recaptured Seoul, which is South Korea’s capital • MacArthur pushed the North Koreans back to the 38th Parallel. • He then decided to invade the North in an effort to unify Korea • Chinese Communist “volunteers” entered the war and pushed U.S. back.

26. China’s Involvement • China aided North Korea in late November • Due to China’s involvement, General MacArthur called for a major expansion of the war. His proposal included: • Blockading China’s coast • Invading the interior of China • Supporters of MacArthur’s plan said it would overthrow the Communist regime in China • Opponents argued that blockading China could entice the Soviets to become involved

27. Truman’s Response • President Truman opposed MacArthur’s plan • Truman removed MacArthur from his position in April 1951 • The war had reached a stalemate by the summer of 1951 • The war became a hot button issue in election of 1952

28. Election of 1952 • Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower • Democrat candidate Adlai Stevenson • Eisenhower promised to end the Korean war yet still resist the spread of Communism • Eisenhower won the electoral college 442-89 President Eisenhower http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/de34.html

29. The War Ends • Eisenhower stayed true to his word to end the war • Bombing raids increased by the U.S. in North Korea in May of 1953 • July 27th, 1953 an armistice was agreed upon • The outcome of the war was the same dividing line that was present before the start of the war, approximately around the 38th parallel

30. End of war • Snags in negotiations. • Truce talks lasted for two years. • Truce signed on July 27, 1953 • Cost of the war • U.S. – 33,000 deaths and 103,000 wounded and missing. • S. Korean – 1 million • N. Korean and Chinese – about 1.5 million

31. Final Outcome http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/maps/koreatxt.html

32. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYjdUeYT49c&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1X5dSNThck • One with music

33. Map of the Korean War USE ME FOR STUDENTS MAP ACTY