200 Hour Yoga Teacher Training in Rishikesh, India : syllabus Digestive system ppt

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2. Digestive system The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract, consists of a long tube of organs that runs from the mouth to the anus includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, together with the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas, which produce important secretions for digestion that drain into the small intestine. The digestive tract in an adult is about 30 feet long. Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller pieces so that the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy. Digestion involves the mixing of food, its movement through the digestive tract and the chemical breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules. Every piece of food we eat has to be broken down into smaller nutrients that the body can absorb, which is why it takes hours to fully digest food.

3. Mouth and Salivary Glands • Digestion begins in the mouth, where chemical and mechanical digestion occurs. Saliva or spit, produced by the salivary glands is released into the mouth. • Saliva begins to break down the food, moistening it and making it easier to swallow. • A digestive enzyme (called amylase) in the saliva begins to break down the carbohydrates (starches and sugars). • One of the most important functions of the mouth is chewing. Chewing allows food to be mashed into a soft mass that is easier to swallow and digest later. • A flexible flap called the epiglottis closes over the trachea (windpipe) to ensure that food enters the esophagus and not the windpipe to prevent choking.

4. Esophagus • Once food is swallowed, it enters the esophagus, a muscular tube that is about 10 inches long. • The esophagus is located between the throat and the stomach. • Muscular wavelike contractions pushes the food down through the esophagus to the stomach. • A muscular ring at the end of the esophagus allows food to enter the stomach, and, then, it squeezes shut to prevent food and fluid from going back up the esophagus.

5. Stomach • The stomach is a J-shaped organ that lies between the esophagus and the small intestine in the upper abdomen. • The stomach has 3 main functions: to store the swallowed food and liquid; to mix up the food, liquid, and digestive juices produced by the stomach; and to slowly empty its contents into the small intestine. • Only a few substances, such as water and alcohol, can be absorbed directly from the stomach. Any other food substances must undergo the digestive processes of the stomach. • The stomach's strong muscular walls mix and churn the food with acids and enzymes, breaking it into smaller pieces. About 3 quarts of the gastric juice is produced by glands in the stomach every day. • The food is processed into a semi liquid form. About 4 hours or so after eating a meal, then slowly released a little at a time through a thickened muscular ring between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum.

6. Intestine • Small intestine • Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the small intestine. The small intestine is a narrow, twisting tube that occupies most of the lower abdomen between the stomach and the beginning of the large intestine. • Small intestine has 2 important functions. First, the digestive process is completed here by enzymes. Second, the small intestine absorbs the nutrients from the digestive process. • Large intestine • The large intestine forms an upside down U over the coiled small intestine. • The main job of the large intestine is to remove water and salts from the undigested material and to form solid waste that can be excreted.

7. Organs connected to Digestive tract • Liver • Liver is the largest solid organ in the body. • An organ in the upper abdomen that aids in digestion and removes waste products and worn-out cells from the blood. • Form and secrete bile that contains bile acids to aid in the intestinal absorption. • Pancreas • A fish-shaped spongy grayish-pink organ, connected to the duodenum • It makes pancreatic juices and hormones, including insulin. The pancreatic juices are enzymes that help digest food in the small intestine. Insulin controls the amount of sugar in the blood. • Gall bladder • The gallbladder is a small organ that aids in the digestive process and stores bile produced in the liver.