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3.6: What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?

3.6: What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?. 3.6 What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?. Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acid chains and fall into two general classes Deoxyribose nucleotides Ribose nucleotides All nucleotides are made of three parts Phosphate group

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3.6: What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?

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  1. 3.6: What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?

  2. 3.6 What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids? • Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acid chains and fall into two general classes • Deoxyribose nucleotides • Ribose nucleotides • All nucleotides are made of three parts • Phosphate group • Five-carbon sugar • Nitrogen-containing base

  3. ATP-video-2:30-3:30DNA-video 2:00-305 • DNA- https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/crash-course1/crash-course-biology/v/crash-course-biology-110 • ATP https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/crash-course1/crash-course-biology/v/crash-course-biology-107

  4. Nucleotides A. Structure • 5-C sugar • phosphate group • nitrogen-containing base • adenine • guanine • cytosine • thymine • uracil

  5. Nucleotides: Deoxyribose and Ribose • Deoxyribose (A, G, C, T) 2. Ribose (A, G, C, U)

  6. Nucleotides: Deoxyribose and Ribose • energy-carrier molecules • subunits of polymers called nucleic acids • intracellular messenger molecules

  7. Nucleotides Act as Energy Carriers • ATP – adenosine triphosphate • ribose nucleotide • 3 phosphate groups • stores energy in bonds btwn phosphate groups • energy released when last phosphate bond is broken • available energy is then used to drive other rxns (linking amino acids)

  8. How is ATP made and broken down? • 1. ADP + Energy + Phosphate -----> ATP • (stores energy) dehydration synthesis • ATP ------> ADP + Phosphate + Energy (releases energy) hydrolysis

  9. Nucleotides Act as Intracellular Messengers • cAMP – ribose nucleotide cyclic adenosine monophosphate • messenger molecule in cells • hormones stimulate cAMP to form within cells where it initiates biochemical reactions • NAD+ & FAD – electron carriers • transport energy • in form of high- • energy electrons • used in ATP • synthesis NAD FAD

  10. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA the Molecules of Heredity Nucleic acids: polymers made up of nulceotides (monomers) linked together via dehydrations synthesis found in chromosomes in cells

  11. Figure 3-23 Deoxyribose nucleotide phosphate base sugar

  12. Nucleotides: Deoxyribose and Ribose • Deoxyribose (A, G, C, T) 2. Ribose (A, G, C, U)

  13. Figure 3-24 The energy-carrier molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

  14. 3.6 What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids? • Nucleotides act as energy carriers and intracellular messengers • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a deoxyribose nucleotide with three phosphate functional groups • Ribose nucleotide cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) acts as a messenger molecule in cells • Electron carriers are those nucleotides (NAD and FAD) transporting energy in the form of high-energy electrons

  15. 3.6 What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids? • DNA and RNA, the molecules of heredity, are nucleic acids • Nucleic acids are polymers formed by monomers strung together in long chains by dehydration synthesis

  16. 3.6 What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids? • DNA and RNA, the molecules of heredity, are nucleic acids (continued) • There are two types of polymers of nucleic acids • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in chromosomes and carries genetic information needed for protein construction • Each DNA molecule consists of two chains of nucleotides that form a double helix linked by hydrogen bonds • RNA (ribonucleic acid) makes copies of DNA and is used directly in the synthesis of proteins

  17. Figure 3-25 Deoxyribonucleic acid hydrogen bond

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