Edward T. O'Neill Prepared with the assistance of the FAST Team

1. FAST A Facetted LCSH-Based Subject Vocabulary Edward T. O'Neill Prepared with the assistance of the FAST Team Australian Committee on Cataloguing Seminar Sydney, Australia, January 31, 2005

2. FAST Team OCLC Eric Childress, Becky Dean, Anya Dyer, Kerre Kammerer, Ed O’Neill, Diane Vizine-Goetz ALA/SAC & Univ. of Kentucky Library of Congress Lynn El-Hoshy Lois Mai Chan

3. Need for New Approach to Subject Vocabulary for Electronic Resources Phenomenal growth of electronic resources, Emergence of numerous metadata schemes, Need for a new approach to subject access, OCLC’s search for a subject access system for Dublin Core metadata records.

4. Schema Requirements Simple in structure and syntax, Usable by non-catalogers and in non-library environments, Optimal access points, Semantic interoperability to enable users to search across discipline boundaries, Compatible with MARC, Dublin Core, and other popular metadata schemas, Easy to maintain and amenable to automatic authority control and computer manipulation.

5. Options The ALA Subcommittee on Metadata and Subject Analysis(1997-2001) identified three basic approaches to selecting an indexing/subject heading schema for Internet resources: Develop a new schema, Use an existing schema(s), Adapt or modify an existing schema.

6. Advantages of LCSH  Rich vocabulary covering all subject areas  Synonym and homograph control  Extensive hierarchical and associative references among terms  De facto standard controlled vocabulary, extensively used by libraries, contained in millions of bibliographic records.  Long and well-documented history,  Strong institutional support of the Library of Congress.

7. LCSH in Card Catalogues LCSH was originally created for card catalogs—a 3x5 card environment, Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai. U6C48 Cataloging and classification: an introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed. New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994. xxii, 519 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Classification--Books. Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai. U6C48 Cataloging and classification: an introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed. Includes bibliographical references (p. 493-502) and index. ISBN 0-07-010506-5 New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994. xxii, 519 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. U6C48 Cataloging and classification: an introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed. New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994. xxii, 519 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Cards restricted the number of subject headings per item, Cataloging--United States. Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai. 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class- ification--Books. I. Title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 493-502) and index. ISBN 0-07-010506-5 Cards required pre- coordinated vocabulary, Includes bibliographical references (p. 493-502) and index. 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class- ification--Books. I. Title. ISBN 0-07-010506-5 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class- ification--Books. I. Title.

8. LCSH in the Electronic Environment Syntax based on pre-coordination requires trained and skilled personnel, Does not lend itself to automatic indexing or authority control, Many pre-coordinated headings assigned to catalog records do not appear in the list.

9. Need to Fully Establish Headings Heading Selection Heading Construction

10. LCSH Topical WorldCat Coverage 167,015 (2%) Established 3,044,915 (36%) Multiple Assignments 5,231,613 (62%) Assigned only once

11. Valid But Not Established LCSH Established Main heading/free-floating subdivision(s): Burns and scalds—Patients—Family relationships Travel—Early works to 1800 Free-floating phrase headings Woodwind trios (English horn, oboes (2)) Geographic subdivisions Banks and banking—United States Multiples United States. Navy—History—War of 1812

12. LCSH Patterns Subdivisions Free-floating subdivisions controlled by pattern headings are one example of how an established heading can be expanded. The scope of patterns is limited to particular types (patterns) of headings. Burns and scalds $x Family relationships $x Patients By fully establishing headings such as this in FAST, the complexity of rules under which they were created is effectively hidden.

13. FAST schema  LCSH vocabulary  Simplified syntax Designed for an online environment  A post-coordinated faceted vocabulary Hierarchy is retained within facets  Retains the advantages of a controlled vocabulary  

14. Eight Facets Personal Names Topical -Sailing—Safety measures Geographic Dewey, Melvil, 1851 -1931 Corporate Names New South Wales Form (Genre) National Library of Australia Bibliography Chronological Conference/Meetings Uniform Titles 1939 - 1945

15. Authority Records  FAST will use MARC 21 formats  The MARC 21 bibliographic and authority formats were revised to accommodate FAST by authorizing the x48 (Chronological) fields  Authority records will be created for all FAST headings except chronological— chronological authority record will be created only when required for references

16. Topical Headings Secret service Urbanization Hospitals—Administration—Data processing Cataloging—Analytical entry Photoconductivity—Measurement Woodwind trios (English horn, oboes (2)) Sailing—Safety measures

17. Topical Authority Record 001 003 005 008 040 150 688 688 WC usage 25 (1999) 750 0 Sailing $0(DLC)sh 85116532 fst01670517 OCoLC 20021209141603.0 021209nneanz||babn n ana d OCoLC $b eng $c OCoLC $f fast Sailing $x Safety measures LC usage 7 (1999)

18. FACET: Geographic Geographic names will be established and applied in indirect order, [New South Wales—Sydney not Sydney—New South Wales] First level geographic names will be limited to names from the Geographic Area Codes table (e.g., Ohio, Victoria, Great Lakes, etc.) Other names will be entered as subdivisions under the smallest first level name in which it is fully contained [Australia—Great Dividing Range] Geographic Area Codes are included in all authority records for geographic names

19. Geographic Headings Great Lakes [nl] Queensland [u-at-qn] Mars [zma] Northern Territory—Darwin [u-at-no] Maryland—Worcester County [n-us-md] Slovenia—Maribor [e-xv] Victoria—Melbourne Metropolitan Area [u-at-vi] England—Chilton (Oxfordshire) [e-uk-en] India—Limbdi (Princely State) [a-ii] New South Wales—Sydney—Bondi [u-at-ne] Alaska—Rowan Bay (Bay) [n-us-ak]

20. Geographic Authority Record 001 003 005 20040512160245.0 008 040512nneanz||babn n ana d 040 OCoLC $b eng 043 n-us-ak 151 Alaska $z Rowan Bay (Bay) 670 GNIS, Feb. 10, 2004 7 mi. N of Tebenkof Bay, on W coast of Kuiu I., Alex. Arch.; Wrangell- Petersburg Census Area, Alaska; 56º40'02" N, 134º14'34" W; another Rowan Bay, pop. place in Wrangell- Petersburg Census Area) 751 0 Rowan Bay (Alaska : Bay) $0 (DLC)sh2004005090 2130675 OCoLC $c OCoLC $f fast $b (Rowan Bay; bay;

21. Form (Genre) Case studies Abstracts Census Rules Dictionaries Folklore Bibliography—Catalogs Periodicals Guidebooks

22. Form Authority Record 001 003 005 008 040 155 Guidebooks 455 Guides 455 Identification 455 Outdoor books 688 LC usage 69,842 (2004) 688 WC usage 335,129 (2004) 785 0 Guidebooks $0 (DLC) sh 99001297 fst00786652 OCoLC 20040920121319.0 040609nneanz||babn n ana d OCoLC $b eng $c OCoLC $f fast

23. Personal and Corporate Names Headings for persons: Woodward, Bob Dewey, Melvil, 1851-1931 Kennedy family Edward II, King of England, 1284-1327 Headings for corporate bodies: OCLC Bayerische Motoren Werke United States. Coast Guard National Library of Australia

24. Chronological (Period)  FAST chronological headings consist of only a single date or a date range  Limited to a single chronological heading per bibliographic record  Authority records will only be established when needed for references or linkages  Headings consist of either a single date or a starting and ending date but will be formatted for display:  1945  1942 – 1945  Since 1987  221 B.C. - 220 A.D.  From 500 to 570 million years ago [Cambrian]

25. Chronological Events Subdivisions In LCSH, it is common to include topical information in chronological ($y) subdivisions: Buffalo (N.Y.) $x History $y Civil War, 1861-1865 Grenada $x History $y American Invasion, 1983 For these subdivisions, a FAST topical heading is also created: Civil War American Invasion

26. Faceting of LCSH 650 American loyalists $z England. 651 United States $x History $y Revolution, 1775-1783 $v Biography. 650 Secret service $z Great Britain. 650 Painters $z United States. LCSH 648 1775 - 1783 650 American loyalists 650 Revolution 650 Secret service 650 Painters 651 England 651 United States 651 Great Britain 655 Biography 655 History FAST

27. Authority Control: FAST vs. LCSH LCSH: while many headings are established, most assigned headings are synthesized by catalogers based on rules FAST: all headings (except chronological) are established and only established headings can be assigned

28. Database: fast.oclc.org*  Available as an OCLC SiteSearch database  The authority file is currently an beta version  The database may be unavailable for extended periods  The current version of FAST is being applied and evaluated in a few applications  The American Library Association established a FAST subcommittee to provide guidance and evaluation

29. Current FAST Datebase Personal name headings Corporate name headings Topical headings Geographic name headings Form headings Reference records 510,095 276,322 404,849 142,777 638 8,758* Total FAST authorities 1,343,439 *not publicly available on web site

30. Future Development Plans Update and resynchronize all FAST headings with LCSH Develop the conference/meetings facet Develop the uniform titles facet Expand the geographic names based on usage data Add information from the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Revise and expand the form (genre) facet

31. Summary  LCSH Vocabulary  Faceted  Hierarchical  Fully established  Compatible with LCSH

32. Questions? http://fast.oclc.org oneill@oclc.org