The Digestive System

1. The Digestive System By: Aileen De la Rosa Nicole Hernandez Kristian Perez Shalimar Ramos

2. Function • Give organisms the needed fuel for energy • Break down foods • Provide essential nutrients to the body

3. The Digestive System

4. The Digestive System

5. Abbreviations • GERD,GRD • Gastroesphageal reflux disease • GI • Gastrointestinal • HAV • Hepatitis A virus • HBV • Hepatitis B virus • HCV • Hepatitis C virus • NG, N-G • Nasogastric (tube) • PEG • Precutaneous endoscopic gastronomy • TPN • Total parenteral nutrition • VH • Viral hepatitis • Abdomin/o • Abdomen • Bucc/o • Cheek • Chol/e • Gall, bile • Col/o • Colon • Dent/i • Tooth • -emesis • Vomiting • Enter/o • Intestines (small intestines) • Gastr/o • Stomach • Gingiv/o • Gums • Gluc/o • Glucose, sugar • Glyc/o • Glucose, sugar • Hepat/o • Liver • Idi/o • Individual, distinct, unknown • Lapar/o • Abdomen, abdominal wall • Lingu/o • Tongue • Odont/o • Tooth • Or/o • Mouth • -orexia • Appetite • -pepsia • Digestion • Phag/o, -phagia • Eating, ingestion • Proct/o • Rectum, anus • Pyr/o • Heat, fire, fever • Rect/o • Rectum • Sial/o • Saliva • -stalis • Contraction • Stomat/o • mouth

6. Parts of the Digestive System

7. Mouth • receives food as it enters the body, is tasted, broken down by teeth, lubricated and partly digested by saliva.

8. Tongue • contains taste buds, also aids in chewing and swallowing

9. Salivary Glands • there are three pairs of salivary glands, the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular, they produce saliva • Saliva moistens food so that it can be swallowed easily

10. Pharynx • tube that carries both air and food • Carries food to esophagus

11. Esophagus • muscular tube behind the trachea • It receives bolus (food & saliva mixed together) and carries it to the stomach

12. Stomach • receives food from esophagus, food remains in there for 2-4 hours • Food is converted into a semifluid material called chyme by all the gastric juices • When food gets into the form of chyme, it leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

13. Pancreas • produces pancreatic juices, which contain enzymes to digest food • Enzymes include amylase, trypsin, lipase; which help digest food • The pancreas also produces insulin, insulin regulates metabolism

14. Gallbladder • stores bile (helps digestion) • when bile is needed to emulsify (mixing) fats in the digestive tract • the gallbladder contracts and pushes bile through cystic duct into common bile duct

15. Small Intestine • made up of 3 parts, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum • While food is here, the process of digestion is completed • Products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream for use by the small intestine

16. Large Intestine • final section of alimentary canal, absorbs water and any remaining nutrients

17. Colon • also called large intestine, ileum connects to the cecum (first part of colon)

18. Liver • secretes bile, also stores iron and certain vitamins

19. Appendix • function of it is unknown, sits at junction of the small intestine and large intestine • It is a thin tube about 4 inches long

20. Rectum • final 6-8 inches of large intestine and is a storage area for indigestibles and wastes

21. Anus • fecal material is expelled through this opening

22. Diseases of the Digestive System • Appendicitis • inflammation of the appendix, usually resulting from an obstruction and/or infection • Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and elevated white blood cell count. • Treatments: Appendectomy (surgical removal of appendix) • 5% of abdominal pain cases turn out to being appendicitis.

23. Diseases of the Digestive System • Hemorrhoids • painful dilated or varicose veins of rectum and/or anus • Caused by straining to defecate, constipation, pressure on rectum or anus. • Symptoms: Pain, itching, bleeding. • Treatments: high-fiber diet, stool softeners, and hemorrhoidectomy (surgical removal of hemorrhoids) • Hemorrhoids affect up to 86% of Americans and has no age barrier. 

24. Diseases of the Digestive System • Hepatitis • viral inflammation of the liver. • Type A, HAV is highly contagious, transmitted through food or water contaminated by feces of infected person. A vaccine is available and can prevent hepatitis. • Type B hepatitis is transmitted by body fluids including blood, saliva, urine and more. There is also a vaccine that can prevent people from getting this virus. Most health care workers are highly recommended or mandated to get this vaccine. • Type C can also spread through bodily fluids.

25. Diseases of the Digestive System

26. Careers • Gastroenterologist • A specialized physician who sees patients who suffer from any issues pertaining to the stomach or intestines. • They are qualified to diagnose and treat any disorders, diseases or irregularities in the digestive system. They perform different types of tests by doing blood work, colonoscopies and endoscopies. • Like any other physician, they must complete medical school, residency and they need to complete a specific advanced degree. • The average salary range is pretty high at about $315,038 per year.

27. Careers • Dietitian • Someone who is responsible for designing a specific diet for their patients and letting them know the benefits of maintaining a good diet. They usually work with other professionals who help them develop a menu fit perfect for their patient. • They need to study what is wrong with the patients and their reactions from different foods in order to come up with a menu. The dietitian must be at least 18 years old, have a bachelors degree and complete a program authorized by the American Dietics Association. • Over 60% of these individuals make $29,000 - $45,000 per year.

28. Careers • Proctologist • Surgeons who are trained to do procedures for certain conditions like Anorectic conditions, endoscopy of the colon and rectum, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal anal hemorrhoids and colon cancer. • They must earn a bachelors degree, do the MCAT and need to get a medical doctors degree. • Salary usually ranges from $137,344 to $249,550