Wall Finishes pages 245-257 in "Interior Construction and Detailing"

1. Wall Finishespages 245-257 in "Interior Construction and Detailing" • Wall finishes include: • those applied as a single, thin decorative covering, such as paint, wallpaper, and vinyl wallcovering, • and those composed of several construction elements that can add substantial thickness to a wall, such as ceramic tile or stone panels.

2. Brendan Clarke of Maharam, presented a good variety of wall coverings, including fabrics, vinyls, and some metallic based sheet products.

3. Acoustical panels • when a high degree of sound absorption is desired, acoustical panels can be a good choice. • Two primary decisions regarding acoustical panels: • fabric type • core material

4. fabric for acoustical panels must be permeable, to allow for sound energy to pass through. • this also means that the fabric should not have a backing. • fabrics for acoustical panels should be 'hydrophobic' which means that they do not hold and absorb moisture.

5. Acoustical panels: expanded polypropylene: moisture resistant, impact resistant, tackable, lightweight, indoor-outdoor

6. High impact fabric covered panels:compressed figerglass core, class ‘A’ fire rated, chemically hardened edges

7. glass reinforced gypsum ceiling panelssometimes used for acoustical purposes

8. For acoustical panel covering, it is important to use fabric that does not absorb and retain moisture. • Hydrophobic fabrics do not absorb and retain moisture. • These include polyester, acetates, nylon. • Hydrophillic fabrics absorb and retain moisture. • These include cotton, wool, and silk.

9. Stone used as a wall finish • typical stone used for wall finishes include: • granite, marble, limestone, slate, sandstone. • manmade products, such as cast stone, can mimic the visual and material qualities of natural stone.

10. Stone tiles and panels • stone tiles, and panels, used as wall finish materials have definite size constraints. • the term ‘tile’ means a small, (generally no larger than 12”x12”) thin, modular piece of material. tiles can be made of metal, glass, wood, leather, plastic, ceramics, cork, and nearly any other material. • ‘tile’ does not always mean ceramic. • the table on page 252 of "Interior Construction and Detailing" lists a variety of stone types and size limitations or requirements.

11. details in stone wall finish installation • stone used as a finished wall surface can be achieved using two different approaches: • tiles: thin, small, modular, pieces, typically no larger than 12" x 12". • panels/slabs: 3/4" up to 4" thick.

12. Stone tiles: granite, quartzite, multi colored slate, black slate, green slate, multi-colored

13. Stone wall panels: marble panels attached to a sub-surface wall

14. Olivetti showroom, Venice, Italy:designed by Carlo Scarpamarble stairs, bench, balcony low wall

15. stone tiles

16. stone panels

18. marble floor tiles, wall tiles

19. granite wall panels

20. marble floor tiles

21. pattern making using tiles

22. slate flooring

23. slate

24. Ceramic tiles with LED lights embedded in each tile.

25. Finnish designer Maija Puoskari has taken inspiration from nature to create this concept of snow print tiles. Each tile looks like a silver patch of snow which is adorned with footprints of an animal.

26. Studio JSPR’s Cover-Tiles collection is a series of tiles that cover pipes, connections and water taps which are normally enclosed in the wall. With Cover-Tiles, these elements are all visible on the outside.

27. Wood tiles from DeckTiles.org at ICFFThese tiles snap together.

28. MIO's modular 3D Wallpaper Create pattern variation by rotating the tiles or painting them. The lightweight recycled paper modules can be installed temporarily with double stick tape or permanently with wallpaper paste. A box of 12 tiles (12” x 12” x 2 1/4”) sell for about $32.

29. Mio Culture - Ripple Paper Forms

30. Acoustic Weave 3D Wallpaper Designed to diffuse sound, reduce acoustic glare and eliminate standing waves; add to that it's green credentials (100% recycled and recyclable paper made in closed-loop manufacturing from locally sourced materials)

31. wall flatsDesigners: Mike & Jennifer Tuttle • Wall Flats are Inhabit's take on a modern, eco-friendly wallpaper. • A modern embossed three-dimensional wallcovering that is good for the environment. • Wall Flats are made from 100% bamboo pulp, one of the world’s most renewable resources. No trees were harmed in the making of this product:) They are a sustainable wallcovering that is free of chemicals and will not be a burden to the environment at the end of it's lifecycle, since the tiles are 100% bio-degradable. • Wall Flats are designed to expand in any direction with an automatic pattern repeat and can be painted to coordinate with decor. You can cover a existing wall with Wall Flats, help disguise a not-so-smooth wall or add a modern, green wallpaper to any room setting through patterning.

32. wall flats Designers: Mike & Jennifer Tuttle

33. ceramic tile

34. ceramic tile • Ceramic tile is especially useful in kitchens and bathrooms because it is water-resistant and easy to clean and extremely durable. • Made from a mixture of clays and fired at high temperatures, tile is used for wall coverings, floors, showers, countertops, bath surrounds, and more. • Tiles used on walls and counters are generally glazed

35. Grout, a kind of mortar, is spread between tiles to lock them in place and fill the joints between them. Grout may be white or colored with pigment.

36. Ceramic tile may be applied directly over drywall—if the room is likely to be damp, special moisture-resistant drywall should be used. Or tile may be applied to a mortar bed or a backer board made of a ceramic aggregate core that is coated with a thin fiberglass mesh.

40. mosaic tiles are typically joined into a sheet

43. Ceramic tile: pattern making

44. Mosaic tiles

45. Paints and Coatings • What is paint? • Paints are made up of four components: pigment, binder, solvent/liquid carrier, and additives. • Varnishes, which form transparent or semi-transparent films, are made up of the last three components, with colored varnishes containing small amounts of pigment.

46. Paint is manufactured to meet specific needs

47. Types of Paint water base paint solvent base paint these are the two basic types of paint generally available. paint may have physical or chemical characteristics such as: matte surface, semi gloss surface, high gloss surface non-drip paint, primer, undercoats, anti-condensation, fire retardant paint (intumescent), metallic, concrete floor paint, porch paint, anti-fungus paint, heat resistant paint

48. Pigments, which give color and opacity/covering power, are finely dispersed solid particles. In some cases they can be used to impart certain protective properties, eg rust prevention, and to control gloss levels

49. The binder is the material that forms the film, giving protection to the substrate and keeping the pigment in place and evenly dispersed. It may be made up of a single, or a combination of polymers. The binder may be dissolved in a solvent, or in the form of an emulsion or colloidal dispersion in water. This results in solvent-borne and water-borne paints, respectively.

50. The solvent/liquid carrier is used to effect application of the coating. It may be water or an organic solvent, or a mixture of both, and thins the paint or varnish, allowing it to be brushed, sprayed, dipped or rolled. • Once on the substrate, the solvent evaporates, leaving the dry film coating. The term 'liquid carrier' is preferable because the liquid may not be a true solvent for the binder.