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Staphylococcus aureus - Boils: Walled off from body with fibrin

Staphylococcus aureus - Boils: Walled off from body with fibrin - Can produce toxic shock superantigen - MRSA: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus - Major cause of nosocomial infections (in hospitals) - Some strains make exfoliative toxin (scalded skin syndrome).

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Staphylococcus aureus - Boils: Walled off from body with fibrin

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  1. Staphylococcus aureus - Boils: Walled off from body with fibrin - Can produce toxic shock superantigen - MRSA: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus - Major cause of nosocomial infections (in hospitals) - Some strains make exfoliative toxin (scalded skin syndrome). Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections Figure 26.2

  2. Streptococcus pyogenes - Best known for causing sore throats and immunological sequelae, such as rheumatic fever - Also necrotizing fasciitis (“flesh-eating” disease) - Many prophages carry virulence factors. Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections Figure 26.3

  3. Impetigo S. pyogenes or Staph aureus

  4. Viruses cause a maculopapular skin rash. - Usually infects through respiratory tract - Paramyxovirus: Rubeola (“measles”) - Herpes virus: Chickenpox, shingles - Togavirus: Rubella (“German measles”) Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections Figure 26.4

  5. measles

  6. Chicken pox

  7. Respiratory tract infections

  8. Figure 26.5

  9. S. pneumoniae

  10. Scarlet fever

  11. normal TB show tubercules

  12. diphtheria

  13. Gastrointestinal tract infections

  14. Salmonellosis in the US

  15. norovirus

  16. Genitourinary tract infections

  17. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Syphilis - Caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum - Primary syphilis: Chancre at site of infection - Secondary syphilis: Generalized rash - Tertiary syphilis: Effects on heart and CNS Figure 26.11

  18. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Chlamydia - Most frequently reported STD in U.S. - Caused by unusual Gram-negative bacteria - Chlamydia trachomatis - Chlamydia pneumoniae - Obligate intracellular pathogens - Both cause STDs, as well as pneumonia and trachoma of the eye. Figure 26.12

  19. Figure 18.45

  20. Chlamydia on fallopian tube tissue

  21. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Gonorrhea - Caused by the Gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Most infected men exhibit symptoms, while most women are asymptomatic. - Binds to CD4+ T cells, inhibiting T-cell activation Figure 26.13

  22. Central Nervous System Infections • Meningitis • - Infection of membrane surrounding brain • - Some bacteria cross blood-brain barrier. • - Streptococcus pneumoniae • - Haemophilus influenzae • - Neisseria meningitidis Figure 26.16D Figure 26.16B - Has thick capsule and type IV pili - Dangerous if gets into bloodstream - Crosses from capillary into cerebrospinal fluid - Once in meninges, very difficult to treat - Effective vaccine to capsule components

  23. West Nile virus

  24. Figure 26.18 Figure 26.19

  25. Animation: Retrograde Movement of Tetanus Toxin to an Inhibitory Neuron Central Nervous System Infections Click box to launch animation

  26. Prions - Proteinaceous infectious particles - Cause spongiform encephalopathies - Improperly folded proteins form aggregates that damage the brain. - Most mammals suffer from these diseases. Figure 26.20

  27. Systemic infections

  28. Figure 26.23

  29. Figure 26.24

  30. Lyme disease

  31. Lyme disease

  32. Figure 26.25

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